Characterisation of complex mixtures is a common tool especially in oil processing industry. Characterisation procedures result in experimentally gained characterisation curves, but for the simulation of industrial processes the definition of a substitute mixture is required. Traditionally, a system of pseudocomponents is derived from the TBP (True Boiling Point) characterisation curve, but the...

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has recently become a popular technique for the analysis of crude oils. It has been demonstrated for simulated distillation (1) and for hydrocarbon type separation (2-3). The advantages of SFC over gas chromatography (GC) in simulated distillation are the wider boiling range and lower temperature thus preventing cracking of heavy molecules during analysi...

During phase change at the bubble-liquid interface, under subcooled boiling conditions, noncondensable gases dissolved in the liquid will be injected into the bubble along with vapor. Due to heat transfer into subcooled liquid, vapor will condense in the upper regions of the bubble while noncondensables will continue to accumulate. Subsequently, thermocapillary convection caused by nonuniform s...

The rapid advances in performance and miniaturization of electronic devices require a cooling technology that can remove the produced heat at high rate with small temperature variations, as is obtained flow boiling. To obtain insight boiling, we performed numerical simulations 200 μm square microchannel using local front reconstruction method. Besides validation literature results, parametric s...

The goal of the study is to compare quality of vapour phase reflowed solder joints soldered on different printed circuit board (PCB) surface finishes. Vapour phase reflow soldering guarantees the highest reliability, quality of processing and process safety. The big advantage of heat transfer in vapour phase soldering (VPS) is the extremely efficient transfer of latent heat through the condensi...

Systematic measurements of the vapor pressure of iridium and rhodium over a wide temperatme range have not been published previously. A summary of previous estimates or observations of their normal boiling points and values of their heats of sublimation, f:..H ~ (298), is given in table l. The vapor pressure of platinum was calculated by Langmuir and .Mackay from measurements of the rate of sub...

Flow boiling of water across a bank of circular staggered micro-pin fins, 250 lm long and 100 lm diameter with pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.5, was experimentally studied for mass fluxes ranging from 346 kg/m s to 794 kg/m s and surface heat fluxes ranging from 20 W/cm to 350 W/cm. Local temperature measurements were used to elucidate the two-phase heat transfer coefficients. The flow was visual...

We find that the potential energy distribution of atoms in clusters can consistently explain many important phenomena related to the phase changes of clusters, such as the nonmonotonic variation of melting temperature with size, the dependence of melting, boiling, and sublimation temperatures on the interatomic potentials, the existence of a surface-melted phase, and the absence of a premelting...

The radiofrequency (rf) oven can be used as a metal vapour injector for Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion sources; the application to high temperature boiling metals (like Cr, Ti and V) was recently demonstrated. Duration and reusability of oven parts were good, since only crucible needs to be maintained at a high temperature Ts. For vanadium case, achieved Ts was over 2300 K with about 280 W of...

We predict by first-principles calculations that p-doped graphane is an electron-phonon superconductor with a critical temperature above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. The unique strength of the chemical bonds between carbon atoms and the large density of electronic states at the Fermi energy arising from the reduced dimensionality give rise to a giant Kohn anomaly in the optical phonon ...