The negative blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal following the cessation of stimulation (post-stimulus BOLD undershoot) is observed in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. However, its spatial characteristics are unknown. To investigate this, gradient-echo BOLD fMRI in response to visual stimulus was obtained in isoflurane-anesthetized cats at 9.4 T. Since the middl...

Blood oxygen level dependent-functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals are both coupled to postsynaptic potentials, although their relationship is incompletely understood. Here, the wide range of BOLD-fMRI and MEG responses produced by auditory cortex was exploited to better understand the BOLD-fMRI/MEG relationship. Measurements of BOLD and MEG...

It is unclear whether neurovascular coupling is maintained during epileptic discharges. Knowing this is important to allow appropriate inferences from functional imaging studies of epileptic activity. Recent blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) studies have demonstrated negative BOLD responses (NBR) in frontal, parietal and posterior cingulate cortices during generalised sp...

Recently, event-related fMRI-experiments have been reported in which subsequent trials were separated by only 2 sec or less. Because the BOLD response needs 10 sec and longer to return to baseline, the event-related signal in these experiments has to be extracted from the overlapping responses elicited by successive trials. Usually it is assumed that this convolved signal is a summation of the ...

Schizophrenia is characterized by heterogeneous pathophysiology. Using multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis, which enables capturing complex dynamics of time series, we characterized MSE patterns of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals across different time scales and determined whether BOLD activity in patients with schizophrenia exhibits increased complexity (increased entropy in all time...

INTRODUCTION Changes in neural activity induce changes in functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal. Commonly, increases in BOLD signal are ascribed to cellular excitation. OBJECTIVE The relationship between electrical activity and BOLD signal in the human brain was probed on the basis of burst suppression EEG. This condition includes two distinct st...

The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) phenomenon has profoundly revolutionized neuroscience, with applications ranging from normal brain development and aging, to brain disorders and diseases. While the BOLD effect represents an invaluable tool to map brain function, it does not measure neural activity directly; rather, it reflects changes in blood oxygenation resulting from the relative...

The brain-wide correlation of hemodynamic signals as measured with BOLD fMRI is widely studied as a proxy for integrative brain processes. However, the relationship between hemodynamic correlation structure and neuronal correlation structure remains elusive. We investigated this relation using BOLD fMRI and spatially co-registered, source-localized MEG in resting humans. We found that across th...

PURPOSE Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technique used to infer neuronal activity from the observed changes in blood flow. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is the ability of arterioles to increase blood flow in response to vasodilatory stimulus. We hypothesize that in areas of disease where there is exhausted vascular reserve and impaired CV...

Background: Combinations of lifestyle factors (LFs) and socioeconomic status (SES) are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, mortality. Less advantaged SES groups may be disproportionately vulnerable to unhealthy LFs but interactions between remain poorly understood. This review aimed synthesise the available evidenc...