Results: The effects of dairy consumption were found to be significant for bone structure and nonsignificant for body size and composition. Eight of the 11 RCTs that assessed bone found significant effects (P , 0.05) for bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD), with an average 8% increase in BMD after 16 mo of dairy consumption. Conversely, significant effects (P, 0.05) were found o...

Fifteen men, who had undergone Billroth I gastrectomy and 19 men who had undergone Billroth II gastrectomy were studied with respect to vitamin D and other indices of calcium metabolism. The Billroth I group had hypocalcaemia, raised concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase, and reduced bone mineral content. The same biochemical disturbances were found in the Billroth II group, but bone mine...

Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic disorder that occurs in approximately 1 out of every 750 live births. DS phenotypes include cognitive deficits, altered craniofacial features, muscle hypotonia, heart defects, and abnormal bone structure. The Ts65Dn mouse model is the most common organismal model used to study DS phenotypes. This model exhibits a number of phenotypic traits comparable to t...

Vitamin D deficiency is common in adolescents worldwide, and the list of reported detrimental health effects associated with this deficiency continues to grow [1]. Even subclinical deficiency during adolescence may affect bone acquisition, potentially reducing peak bone mass and increasing the risk of osteoporosis in later life. Current evidence suggests that giving vitamin D supplements to ado...

BACKGROUND Calcium supplementation of pregnant Gambian women with a low calcium intake results in lower maternal bone mineral content in the subsequent lactation. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate whether the lower bone mineral content persists long term. DESIGN All women in the calcium supplementation trial (International Trial Registry ISRCTN96502494) who had been scanned with du...

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug, used to prevent organ transplant rejection. Immunosuppresants are known to unfavorably affect the osseous system. However, in our previous study on bone histomorphometric parameters we observed that low-dose tacrolimus intensified bone formation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of low-dose tacrolimus on bone mechanical propert...

BACKGROUND Mobilization of maternal bone mineral partly supplies calcium for fetal and neonatal bone growth and development. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether pregnant women with low calcium intakes may have a more extensive skeletal response postpartum that may compromise their short- or long-term bone health. DESIGN In a subset of participants (n = 125) in a double-blind, randomized, plac...

The determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple sites were examined in a fit college population. Subjects were 755 males (mean age = 18.7 years) entering the United States Military Academy. A questionnaire assessed exercise frequency and milk, caffeine, and alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Academy staff measured height, weight, and fitness. Calcaneal BMD was measured by periphera...

A series of 103 early postmenopausal women completed a questionnaire about their dietary calcium intake and were then divided into three groups: those with an intake below 550 mg/day, those with an intake between 550 and 1150 mg/day, and those with an intake above 1150 mg/day. Thereafter they were given a daily supplement of 500 mg calcium for two years and had their bone mineral content measur...

Bones are bio-composites with biologically tunable mechanical properties, where a polymer matrix of nanofibrillar collagen is reinforced by apatite mineral crystals. Some bones, such as antler, form and change rapidly, while other bone tissues, such as human tooth dentine, develop slowly and maintain constant composition and architecture for entire lifetimes. When studying apatite mineral micro...