The circadian clock of the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana modulates defense mechanisms impacting plant-pathogen interactions. Nevertheless, the effect of clock regulation on pathogenic traits has not been explored in detail. Moreover, molecular description of clocks in pathogenic fungi--or fungi in general other than the model ascomycete Neurospora crassa--has been neglected, leaving this typ...

The effects of calcium propionate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on postharvest pathogens of apple and peach, and on improving the efficacy of the biocontrol product Aspire were evaluated. All three materials had a distinct inhibitory effect on the radial growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum in vitro. The inhibitory effect increased with t...

Foliar tissue samples of cultivated daylilies (Hemerocallis hybrids) showing the symptoms of a newly emergent foliar disease known as 'spring sickness' were investigated for associated fungi. The cause(s) of this disease remain obscure. We isolated repeatedly a fungal species which proved to be member of the genus Botrytis, based on immunological tests. DNA sequence analysis of these isolates, ...

Arabidopsis thaliana BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) regulates immune responses to a distinct class of pathogens. Here, mechanisms underlying BIK1 function and its interactions with other immune response regulators were determined. We describe BIK1 function as a component of ethylene (ET) signaling and PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) to fungal pathogens. BIK1 in vivo kinase activity increases in ...

A mechanistic model for Botrytis cinerea on grapevine was developed. The model, which accounts for conidia production on various inoculum sources and for multiple infection pathways, considers two infection periods. During the first period ("inflorescences clearly visible" to "berries groat-sized"), the model calculates: i) infection severity on inflorescences and young clusters caused by conid...

Chitin is a biopolymer. Theoretically, it is a homopolymer of acetyl-glucosamine. Chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin. Chitin and chitosan have many applications in water purification, agriculture, food and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, industrial production for chitin and chitosan is from the shell wastes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of chitin...

Botrytis gray mold (BGM) caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ex. Fr. is an extremely devastating disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and has a regional as well as an international perspective. Unfortunately, nonchemical methods for its control are weak and ineffective. In order to identify an effective control measure, six fungicides with different modes of action were evaluated on a BGM susc...

The species Brassica oleracea includes several agricultural varieties characterized by the proliferation of different types of meristems. Using a combination of subtractive hybridization and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) techniques we have identified several genes which are expressed in the reproductive meristems of the cauliflower curd (B. oleracea var. botrytis) but not in the vegetative me...

We studied the function of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Botrytis Susceptible1 Interactor (BOI) in plant responses to pathogen infection and abiotic stress. BOI physically interacts with and ubiquitinates Arabidopsis BOS1, an R2R3MYB transcription factor previously implicated in stress and pathogen responses. In transgenic plants expressing the BOS1-β-glucuronidase transgene, β-glucuronida...

A total of 62 bacterial isolates were obtained from Gomsohang mud flat, Mohang mud flat, and Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Among them, the isolate CNU114001 showed significant antagonistic activity against pathogenic fungi by dual culture method. The isolate CNU114001 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by morphological observation and molecular data analysis, including 16SrDNA and g...