BACKGROUND Infections are responsible for 30-40 % of 4 million neonatal deaths annually. Use of chlorhexidine (CHX), a broad-spectrum topical antiseptic with strong residual activity, for umbilical cord cleansing has been shown to reduce infections during the neonatal period. However, the challenge remains with regard to selection of best mode of CHX delivery. As a part of formative research, w...

OBJECTIVE This study was performed to determine the rates of breast-feeding and/or bottle-feeding in mothers of twins, triplets and higher order multiple births compared to those in mothers of singletons, and identify factors associated with decision as to breast-feed or bottle-feed. METHODS The subjects were 1,529 mothers of twins aged 6 months-6 years and 258 mothers of triplets and higher ...

Three experiments examined the effects of opportunities for an alternative response (drinking) on positive behavioral contrast of rats' food-reinforced bar pressing. In both Experiments 1 and 2 the baseline multiple variable-interval schedules were rich (variable interval 10-s), and contrast was examined both with and without a water bottle present. In Experiment 1, the rats were not water depr...

A toroidal polyhex (resp. Klein-bottle polyhex) described by a string (p, q, t) arises from a p × q-parallelogram of a hexagonal lattice by a usual torus (resp. Klein bottle) boundary identification with a torsion t. A connected graph G admitting a perfect matching is kextendable if |V(G)| ≥ 2k + 2 and any k independent edges can be extended to a perfect matching of G. In this paper, we charact...

OBJECTIVE To measure and compare the activity of the masseter, temporalis and buccinator muscles in different infant feeding methods. METHOD Cross-sectional study of 60 full-term infants with no intercurrent diseases, aged between two and three months, classified into the following groups: 1) exclusive breastfeeding; 2) breastfeeding plus bottle-feeding; and 3) exclusive breastfeeding plus cu...

The objective of the study was to assess the growth contributing characters of biofield treated bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds. The seeds of both crops were divided into two groups, one was kept aside and denoted as untreated, while the other group was subjected biofield energy treatment. The variabilities in growth contributing parameters were studie...

There are many factors, which are important in the evolution of wines during aging in bottle. Whilst it is accepted that the interaction of limited amounts of oxygen with bottled wine (via closure ingress) will not benefit white wine, it is widely held that limited amounts of oxygen will benefit robust red wines. As consumer acceptance continues of many different forms of wine bottle closures, ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma who are experienced in the instillation of topical ocular hypotensive medications. METHODS We conducted a prospective, open-label study at a single private practice site. We enrolled 139 patients with a diagnosis of glaucoma or ocular hypertension who used 1 or more topical ocular hypotensive medications ...

OBJECTIVE Bottle feeding in the bed or crib before sleep time has been associated with an increased risk of wheezing in the first year of life. We examined whether bottle feeding in the bed or crib before sleep time in the first year of life is associated with wheezing in the first 5 years of life. METHODS In a prospective cohort study of 448 children with parental history of atopy followed f...