This paper presents techniques for building text-to-speech frontends in a way that avoids the need for language-specific expert knowledge, but instead relies on universal resources (such as the Unicode character database) and unsupervised learning from unannotated data to ease system development. The acquisition of expert language-specific knowledge and expert annotated data is a major bottlene...

Traditional techniques for a distributed web server design rely on manipulation of central resources, such as routers or DNS services, to distribute requests designated for a single IP address to multiple web servers. The goal of the Distributed Cooperative Web Server (DCWS) system development is to explore application-level techniques for distributing web content. We achieve this by dynamicall...

As commercial interest in the Internet grows, more and more companies are offering the service of hosting and providing access to information that belongs to third-party information providers. In the future, successful hosting services may host millions of objects on thousands of servers deployed around the globe. To provide reasonable access performance to popular resources, these resources wi...

The development of functional genomic resources is essential to understand and utilize information generated from genome sequencing projects. Central to the development of this technology is the creation of high-quality cDNA resources and improved technologies for analyzing coding and noncoding mRNA sequences. The isolation and mapping of cDNAs is an entrée to characterizing the information tha...

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is one of the fundamental natural language processing tasks. However, lack of training corpora is a bottleneck to construct a high accurate all-words WSD system. Annotating a large-scale corpus by experts costs enormous time and financial resources. Human Computation is a novel idea for integrating human resources behind the Web, which has been wasted, to solve p...

Previous research indicates relative independence between the ventral and dorsal visual pathways, associated with object and spatial visual processing, respectively. The present research shows that, at the individual-differences level, there is a trade-off, rather than independence, between object and spatial visualization abilities. Across five different age groups with different professional ...

Buffers decouple fluctuations in the material flow. It is common wisdom in industry that a full buffer indicates a downstream bottleneck and an empty buffer indicates an upstream bottleneck. Numerous different bottleneck detection methods use this approach to detect the bottlenecks. However, so far this common wisdom on the shop floor has not yet been verified academically. The authors tested t...

Conferences in computational biology continue to provide tutorials on classical and new methods in the field. This can be taken as an indicator that education is still a bottleneck in our field's process of becoming an established scientific discipline. Bielefeld University has been one of the early providers of bioinformatics education, both locally and via the internet. The Bielefeld Bioinfor...

The paper describes the application of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms in multicriteria optimization of operational production plans in a foundry, which produces iron castings and uses hand molding machines. A mathematical model that maximizes utilization of the bottleneck machines and minimizes backlogged production is presented. The model includes all the constraints resulting from the...

A premier goal of resource allocators in virtualization environments is to control the relative resource consumption of the different virtual machines, and moreover, to be able to change the relative allocations at will. However, it is not clear what it means to provide a certain fraction of the machine when multiple resources are involved. We suggest that a promising interpretation is to ident...