INTRODUCTION Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and lactoferrin have been identified as two components that have potential to affect neurodevelopment. While concentrations of some MFGM constituents in infant formulas are within human milk range, they may not be present at optimal or clinically effective levels. However, lactoferrin levels of infant formulas are consistently reported to be lower t...

New cysteine protease inhibitors in human tears and milk and their medical significance are reviewed in this paper. As protective components against bacterial infection in the eyes, we detected four kinds of anti-bacterial proteins in normal human tears including lysozyme and three kinds of cysteine protease inhibitors. Using our reverse zymography of normal tears, three kinds of cysteine prote...

Intelectin (IntL), a lectin that exists on the brush border membrane of the small intestine, plays a role in the innate immune response and also acts as a receptor for lactoferrin (LF), an iron-binding glycoprotein found in milk and other secretions. Similar to human LF (hLF), bovine LF (bLF) has been shown to induce proliferation and differentiation of human enterocytes and to modulate their c...