The role of colostrum and milk in the transmission of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was examined by monitoring the development of BLV infection in calves that were fed since birth on colostrum and milk from their BLV-positive dams and then reared in complete or partial isolation from infected cattle. Twenty-one of the 25 calves raised in complete isolation re mained negative for BLV until the...

The immunoinhibitory receptor T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) and its ligand, galectin-9 (Gal-9), are involved in the immune evasion mechanisms for several pathogens causing chronic infections. However, there is no report concerning the role of Tim-3 in diseases of domestic animals. In this study, cDNA encoding for bovine Tim-3 and Gal-9 were cloned and sequenced, and th...

Background Although the risk factors for breast cancer are well established, namely female gender, early menarche and late menopause plus the protective influence of early pregnancy, the underlying causes of breast cancer remain unknown. The development of substantial recent evidence indicates that a handful of viruses may have a role in breast cancer. These viruses are mouse mammary tumor viru...

Neoplasms of the lymphatic tissue in the bovine species can be classified into two major types according to clinical and epidemiological data: 1. The juvenile form of bovine leukosis, with three different clinical forms: the multicentric, thymic, and cutaneous forms. The juvenile form is rare and shows a random geographical distribution. It has also been called sporadic bovine leukosis. 2. The ...

detection of bovine leukemia virus antigens can induces humoral immunity in cow were evaluated. fifteen lymph node from infected cows that had positive results in agid and elisa tests for blv and have clinical signs of lymphosarcoma, in addition five lymph node from apparently healthy cows that had negative results in serological tests. after preparation of extract of lymph nodes, all of the sa...

HTLV-1 (human T-lymphotropic virus type 1) and BLV (bovine leukemia virus) are two related retroviruses infecting CD4+ and B lymphocytes in humans and ruminants, respectively. During infection, the host-pathogen interplay is characterized by very dynamic kinetics resulting in equilibrium between the virus, which attempts to proliferate, and the immune response, which seeks to exert tight contro...