when belief priniplees among all muslems became identi cal, this opportunity has bee provided for clergyman scientist to infere legal command ments to rely it, that it lead to emergence of prudence religion and diversity of opinions. although this practice religious leads to dispute about opinions, but they are not related to beliefe principles. thus it isn't worthy that these disputes don...

This paper presents the results of a recent study of common violin bowing techniques using a newly designed measurement system. This measurement system comprises force, inertial, and position sensors installed on a carbon fiber violin bow and electric violin, and enables recording of real player bowing gesture under normal playing conditions. Using this system, performances of six different com...

The mechanics of music making is important both in preventing injuries and in guiding how music is performed and taught. Electromyography (EMG) measures muscle activity patterns and has been shown to be a useful resource in understanding the loads involved in instrumental playing; however, only a small number of projects have been undertaken, and little is understood on the muscle activity used...

We present theoretical and experimental results for the band gap of InxGa1−xN alloys, showing significantly larger bowing than has been commonly assumed. We highlight the importance of properly including strain in the experimental analysis. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry the layers in our study were determined to be pseudomorphically strained. The In co...

We report 2 adult cases where the diagnosis of acute plastic bowing of the forearm was either delayed or missed. In a 21-year-old man, ulnar bowing was missed and fixation was not performed because the patient had no limitation to his range of movement or pain. In a 24-year-old woman, the presentation of bowing in both the ulna and radius was delayed and corrective osteotomy was necessary for r...

in this research, anatomical descriptions of the structure of the temporal bone and auditory ossicles have been performed based on dissection of ten guinea pigs. the results showed that, in guinea pig temporal bone was similar to other animals and had three parts; squamous, tympanic and petrous .the tympanic part was much better developed and consisted of oval shaped tympanic bulla with many re...

the objective of the current study was to determine the anatomical features of the auditory ossicles inhamster. twenty temporal bones from 10 adult hamsters, weighing 275-300 g were used. after dissectingthem, the features of the ossicles were assessed with an ocular micrometer and photographed by astereomicroscope. finally, all data were evaluated and analysed using the sigma statt software. t...