Results Questionnaires were completed by 234 (93.6%) of 250 children who were approached. The mean age of the children was 14.3 (range 13-15 years). 70 (29%) were girls and 141 (60%) were boys; 23 (9.8%) did not fill in the personal details. 12 girls had driven a car or bike, of which 6 always, 4 sometimes and 2 never had driven without a helmet/seat-belt. 66 boys had driven a car or bike of wh...

PURPOSE The aim of the study was the description of the dental condition of hygienic routines in 12-year-old children in urban and rural areas of Lublin voivodship. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised 274 children at the age of 12 (152 girls and 122 boys). 95 girls and 92 boys came from the urban area; 57 girls and 30 boys came from the rural area. RESULTS On the basis of clinical exam...

PURPOSE This study compared the syntax of boys who have fragile X syndrome (FXS) with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with that of (a) boys who have Down syndrome (DS) and (b) typically developing (TD) boys. METHOD Thirty-five boys with FXS only, 36 boys with FXS with ASD, 31 boys with DS, and 46 TD boys participated. Conversational language samples were evaluated for utterance len...

Self-actualization has been studied among various occupational groups such as managers, supervisors, administrators, counselors, principles teachers and secondary school boys and girls. The objectives of the study were to find difference in self – actualization of boys and girls, boys and girls studying in 9th and 10th class, boys studying in 9th class and 10th class and girls studying in 9th a...

BACKGROUND   Empathy dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of psychopathy, but it is also sometimes thought to characterise autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Individuals with either condition can appear uncaring towards others. This study set out to compare and contrast directly boys with psychopathic tendencies and boys with ASD on tasks assessing aspects of affective empathy and cognitive perspe...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Studies of the relationship of weight status with timing of puberty in boys have been mixed. This study examined whether overweight and obesity are associated with differences in the timing of puberty in US boys. METHODS We reanalyzed recent community-based pubertal data from the American Academy of Pediatrics' Pediatric Research in Office Settings study in which trai...

Gender is an important factor in child development. Especially in sub-Saharan Africa, girls have often been shown to be less likely to access education compared to boys. The consequence of this has been that that programmes addressing child development are often aimed at girls in order to redress gender imbalances. This study examines the effect of gender on the development of children attendin...

BACKGROUND Precocious puberty (PP) is defined as the appearance of symptoms of puberty in girls before 8 years of age and in boys under 9. Statistically, it occurs much more frequently in girls, while it is a rare pathology in boys. MATERIAL/METHODS Over the period of 10 years, between 1999 and 2009, 39 girls and 17 boys aged 18 months - 9 years were diagnosed with precocious puberty,, and tr...

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) nocturnal oxygen desaturation occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Polysomnography, which requires hospital admission, will detect sleep-related breathing abnormalities. In order to avoid the inconvenience of hospital admission for the disabled patient, we investigated overnight oxygenation in ten boys with DMD by domiciliary oximetry. In four boys ...