Background: Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have an array of multi-organ involvement, including cardiovascular disease. CD4 count is one of the best parameters to monitor the severity of HIV disease. The arrythmogenic potential of HIV disease has not been well defined. The aim of the study is to establish whether an association between the severity of HIV and atrial fibrillatio...

BACKGROUND Policy initiatives and an increasing amount of the literature within higher education both call for students to become more involved in creating their own learning. However, there is a lack of studies in undergraduate nursing education that actively involve students in developing such learning material with descriptions of the students' roles in these interactive processes. METHOD ...

Abstract Neuroinflammation is involved in the aetiology of many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and motor neuron disease. Whether neuroinflammation also plays an important role pathophysiology frontotemporal dementia less well known. Frontotemporal a heterogeneous classification that covers subtypes, with main pathology known as lobar degeneration....

BACKGROUND Leukoencephalomyelopathy is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that affects the white matter of the spinal cord and brain and is known to occur in the Rottweiler breed. Due to the lack of a genetic test for this disorder, post mortem neuropathological examinations are required to confirm the diagnosis. Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and elevated ...

Prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) is a generalized malignancy of the lymphoid tissue characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal lymphocytes, usually of B cell type. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is an extremely rare complication of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL). We describe a case of T-PLL presenting with symptomatic infiltration of the brain that was histopathologic...

Several mechanisms are associated with brain dysfunction during sepsis; one of the most important are activation of microglia and astrocytes. Activation of glial cells induces changes in permeability of the blood-brain barrier, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and these alterations could induce neuronal dysfunction. Furthermore, blood-borne leukocytes can also reach the brain and participat...

Introduction. Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is an inherited white matter disorder first recognized in 2003 by its distinct pattern of MRI abnormalities, including involvement of cerebral white matter, pyramidal and sensory tracts over their entire extent (including the spinal cord), and specific brain stem structures [1]. The diseas...

Central nervous system involvement by ovarian serous adenocarcinoma is rare. We report a case of a 60-year-old woman that developed brain metastasis as isolated site of relapse 4.5 years after a complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy for a stage Ic disease. She proceeded to a craniotomy with resection of the lesion and, subsequently, to a whole brain radiotherapy. Nineteen months later, s...

Extranodal nerve system involvement is seen in approximately 5% of the patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. It causes as primary or secondary infiltration of brain, leptomeninges, or peripheral nerves and the signs of spinal cord compression. Here we present a 67-year-old woman with advanced stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who developed foot-drop due to lumbosacral plexus involvement.

In children, Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis has been characterized by acute onset of an encephalopathy associated with extrapyramidal symptoms and symmetric basal ganglia with or without brain stem involvement on magnetic resonance imaging. Our case, showing unilateral optic neuritis, ophthalmoplegia, no extrapyramidal symptoms, and typical striatal involvement on magnetic resonance imaging...