Transient brain ischemia has been shown to induce hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. To further determine the mechanisms underlying these processes, we investigated the interaction between tau, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and protein phos-phatase 2A. The results confirmed that tau protein was dephosphorylated during brain ischemia; in addition, the activity of...

Brain ischemia elicits microglial activation and microglia survival depend on signaling through colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). Although depletion of microglia has been linked to worse stroke outcomes, it remains unclear to what extent and by what mechanisms activated microglia influence ischemia-induced inflammation and injury in the brain. Using a mouse model of transient focal ...

We have recently shown that brain temperature can drop even though rectal and skull readings are maintained near 37 degrees C during global forebrain ischemia in the gerbil. In this study gerbils were subjected to 5 min of ischemia followed by 85 min of extended halothane anesthesia, while rectal and skull temperatures were kept at normal values. This extended anesthesia procedure prevented the...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) and losartan injections into paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: After right nephrectomy in male rats, a cannula was inserted into the right PVN. One week later, renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury was induced by clamping the left renal artery for 45 min, a...

Background: The role of nitric oxide (NO) of endothelial or neuronal origins in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries are far from being settled, extending from being important to not having any role at all.  Objective: To investigate the role of NO of endothelial and neuronal origins in ischemia/reperfusion injuries in focal cerebral ischemia, L-NAME, a non selective NO synthase inhibitor...

A rat model of diabetes mellitus was induced by a high fat diet, followed by focal brain ischemia induced using the thread method after 0.5 month. Immunohistochemistry showed that expression of receptor for advanced glycation end-products was higher in the ischemic cortex of diabetic rats compared with non-diabetic rats with brain ischemia. Western blot assay revealed increased phosphorylated c...

Recovery of brain mitochondrial function was studied following forebrain ischemia induced in rats by common carotid artery occlusion in combination with hypotension caused by bleeding. A reversible insult was induced by 15-min ischemia in fasted animals (hypoglycemic ischemia), and an irreversible one by 30-min ischemia in fed animals (normoglycemic ischemia), the latter procedure causing exagg...

We have tested whether small intraischemic variations in brain temperature influence the outcome of transient ischemia. To measure brain temperature, a thermocouple probe was placed stereotaxically into the left dorsolateral striatum of rats prior to 20 min of four-vessel occlusion. Rectal temperature was maintained at 36-37 degrees C by a heating lamp, and striatal temperature prior to ischemi...

Diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) allows of most brain pathways, quantifying their integrity and even suggesting a leading mechanism damage (demyelination or ischemia). However, it is difficult to use this technique without good knowledge the anatomy. This article provides an overview literature on structure function main pathways.