BACKGROUND Glioblastoma, the most frequent and aggressive of all astrocytomas, presents a clear predominance in male humans, but the assessment of sexual differences in its tumourigenesis and growth has received little attention so far. In this study, we aim to identify gender-dependent surrogate markers in an animal model of this cancer by means of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and biochemic...

Regional brain tissue prostaglandin (PG) levels have been measured during ischaemia produced by bilateral carotid occlusion for 1 hour and following restoration of flow. In the normal gerbil, the frontal cortical levels of PGF2 alpha were: 6.7 +/- 1.3 pg/mg and for PGE2: 6.4 +/- 1.1 pg/mg of brain tissue protein. Following 1 hour of ischaemia PGF2 alpha rose to 50.4 +/- 8.3 pg/mg whilst there w...

Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is an extremely rare and poorly described complication of central nervous system Tuberculosis (CNS-TB). In this study, we report the case a 42-year-old man who presented with weakness left hemibody diffuse headache, altered consciousness associated fever. No notion contagion was noted. Brain computed tomography (CT) showed hematoma in occipital horns lateral v...

Background Myocardial oedema is a consequence of injury during ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). T2 weighted short tau inversion recovery (T2w STIR) is widely used for oedema assessment on CMR. No consensus exits for which threshold/ contouring method should be used for the quantification of the area of myocardial oedema as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials. This study i...

Background and aim: In acute liver failure (ALF), the brain is exposed to high levels of ammonia. Human studies defining the clinical significance of ammonia in ALF are lacking. This prospective study evaluated the relationship of arterial ammonia levels at admission to complications and survival among patients with ALF. Methods: Eighty consecutive ALF patients admitted from March 2001 to Decem...

OBJECTIVES To assess the concentrations of S-100 protein, myelin basic protein (MBP), and lactate, and the (CSF)/serum albumin ratio (Qalb) during intracranial neurosurgical procedures. METHODS Samples of CSF from 91 patients with various CNS diseases were obtained by aspiration of cisternal CSF at the beginning of surgery (before starting surgical manipulation of the brain) and concentration...

Central Nervous System (CNS) infections like meningitis and cerebral abscess caused by Staphylococcus aureus are usually seen in patients with neurosurgical interventions or immune compromised patients or patients with cardiac vegetation's. They are extremely rare in healthy patients. We report a case of a 44 year old Indian gentleman who was perfectly healthy with no known co morbidities, whic...

In this article we reported a recent case of a 15-year-old grossly underweight (29 kg) Nigerian girl diagnosed of type 1 diabetes mellitus four years ago and who defaulted from follow up but presented with diabetic ketoacidosis. Glycaemic control was poor because of poor compliance. On the 5th day on admission, a non tender pitting oedema without skin discolouration developed over the ankles. T...

Hyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte balance disorder occurring in hospitalized patients. The disease results frequently from inappropriate secretion of vasopressin (SIADH). It has been evidenced that the brain consequences of hyponatraemia are more dramatic in young females than in men or postmenopausal women. Since both vasopressin and oestrogen have been reported to inhibit ion fluxe...