BACKGROUND The main clinical feature of dementia in Parkinson's disease is a dysexecutive syndrome. The neuropathology of PD dementia (PDD) is likely multifactorial and affects several neuronal populations. There is evidence that Parkinson's disease dementia is associated with a cholinergic deficit, supporting the therapeutic role of cholinesterase inhibitors, which are already first-line agent...

Purpose This study develops a tracer kinetic model of xenon uptake in the human brain to determine transfer rate inhaled hyperpolarized 129 Xe from cerebral blood gray matter that accounts for effects physiology, perfusion and magnetization dynamics. The is expressed using coefficient, which estimates quantity dissolved under exchange with depolarized equilibrium concentration. Theory Methods T...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increased blood-brain barrier permeability is believed to be associated with complications following acute ischemic stroke and with infarct expansion. Measurement of blood-brain barrier permeability requires a delayed image acquisition methodology, which prolongs examination time, increasing the likelihood of movement artefacts and radiation dose. Existing quantitative me...

The relation between perfusion defects shown by radionuclide angiography and static brain scan positivity was evaluated in patients with ischaemic completed stroke at various intervals from the onset of symptoms. An inverse relation between radionuclide angiography and static scan positivity was found for the period within 15 days of the onset of symptoms. The possible relation between changes ...

These guidelines summarize the views of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine Neuroimaging Committee (ENC). The purpose of the guidelines is to assist nuclear medicine practitioners in recommending, performing, interpreting, and reporting the results of brain perfusion SPET studies using Tc-labelled radiopharmaceuticals. The aim is to achieve a high quality standard of brain perfusion SP...

Different software tools for quantification of myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) studies are routinely used. Several perfusion parameters can be computed automatically.  Interpretation of the MPS should start with visual inspection of the rotating planar images, visual analysis of reconstructed SPECT slices and then quantitative analysis to confirm the visual impression. Quantification should be...

We describe a case of brain cortical reorganization after embolization of a large right temporal arteriovenous malformation. A comprehensive imaging protocol, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), cortical thickness analysis and 320-row computed tomography (CT) perfusion was used to provide information on brain plasticity and potential steal phenomenon. A 25-year-old man known...

Introduction For the use of arterial spin labeling (ASL) in clinical routine, knowledge on variability of ASL measurements is of great importance. Thus far, ASL variability studies have mainly focussed on intrasession and intracenter and multicenter variability of global perfusion and of perfusion in the flow territories of major brain feeding arteries [1,2]. As a part of the Dutch multicenter ...

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain are fascinating lesions that produce a variety of anatomic and physiologic changes. Many of these features are detectable by MR imaging techniques. The neuroradiologist’s toolbox includes cross-sectional imaging, time-of-flight MR angiography (MRA), phase contrast flow measurements, functional MR imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and perfusion im...

Pericytes play a key role in the development of cerebral microcirculation. The exact role of pericytes in the neurovascular unit in the adult brain and during brain aging remains, however, elusive. Using adult viable pericyte-deficient mice, we show that pericyte loss leads to brain vascular damage by two parallel pathways: (1) reduction in brain microcirculation causing diminished brain capill...