background pharmacovigilance (pv) data are crucial for ensuring safety and effectiveness of medicines after drugs have been granted marketing approval. this paper describes the pv systems of india, uganda and south africa based on literature and key informant (ki) interviews and compares them with the world health organization’s (who’s) minimum pv requirements for a functional national pv syste...

The objective of this study is to explore the presence of a causal relationship between stock market development and economic growth. This study aims to explore this relationship in the nine Newly Industrialized Countries (NIC’s): Brazil, China, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Turkey. 2005 nominal GDP values are used as a proxy for economic growth, and market ca...

Abstract The effectiveness of entrepreneurial activities is not only determined by the quality entrepreneurs but also ecosystem entrepreneurship. (EE) that nurtures low-quality “moppets” to highly impactful “gazelles” being widely debated and on-demand in literature. This study, therefore, aimed advance discussion make a comparative analysis ecosystem, which has been given little attention, BRI...

BACKGROUND Data on the association between chronic conditions or the number of chronic conditions and sleep problems in low- or middle-income countries is scarce, and global comparisons of these associations with high-income countries have not been conducted. METHODS Data on 42116 individuals 50 years and older from nationally-representative samples of the Collaborative Research on Ageing in ...

Abstract China, Russia and India, three major members of BRICS, share a strong trade relationship in over duration time. These countries have shown remarkable growth various sectors overtaking EU North American countries. Infrastructure investment is crucial factor to give momentum progress any country. This study attempts understand the long run short effect total inland infrastructure on frei...

Long-run relationships and structural breaks have often been confused so that many investigators ignore the in long-run stock price relationships. In this paper, we investigate among prices BRICS countries a bivariate framework. We used non-linear threshold cointegration test, which endogenously incorporates possible regime shift behaviors into from 2004 to 2018. The Johansen Gregory Hansen Hat...

It is frequently stated in the scientific literature, official reports and the press that 80% of Asian and African populations use traditional medicine (TM) to meet their healthcare needs; however, this statistic was first reported in 1983. This study aimed to update knowledge of the prevalence of TM use and the characteristics of those who access it, to inform health policy-makers as countries...

The 2022 Indonesian presidency was a critical juncture in the history of Group 20 (G20). Indonesia took over at time when surging tensions between U.S., China and Russiaimpeded concerted action by G20 essential to secure sustainable equitable recovery long-term growth. Following launch special military operation Ukraine, 7 (G7) put immense pressure on expel Russia from activities. Emerging mark...