1 Wildlife Biologist, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99705 2 Wildlife Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of Interior, 2800 Cottage Way, Room E1803, Sacramento, CA 95825 Abstract: Evidence of breeding and natal dispersal in alcids is typically provided by the resightings of banded birds, the establishment of new colonies, and/or evidence ...

Plant breeding represents an evolving technology based largely on genetic principles. Approximately one-half of the increased yields of major crop plants can be attributed to the genetic improvement of the crop. Although the breeding technology and undergirding science are sound, additional information on the biochemical pathways underlying agronomic and quality traits and their genetic control...

fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum l.), wild or cultivated, is widely distributed throughout the world and belongs to the fabacecae family. it is an old medicinal plant and has been commonly used as a traditional food and medicine. fenugreek is known to have hypoglycemic, and hypocholesterolaemic, effects. recent research has identified fenugreek as a valuable medicinal plant with potential f...

Migratory birds are birds of two worlds, breeding in the temperate zone then living as tropical birds for most of the year. We show two aspects of this unique biology that are important considerations for their conservation. First, habitat selection for breeding must include their need for extra-pair mating opportunities. Second, non-breeding distributions in tropical latitudes are poorly known...

Breeding systems are important, and often neglected, aspects of the natural biology of organisms, affecting homozygosity and thus many aspects of their biology, including levels and patterns of genetic diversity and genome evolution. Among the different plant mating systems, it is useful to distinguish two types of systems: 'sex systems', hermaphroditic versus male/female and other situations; ...

BACKGROUND Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint to soybean growth and production. Developing P-efficient soybean varieties that can efficiently utilize native P and added P in the soils would be a sustainable and economical approach to soybean production. SCOPE This review summarizes the possible mechanisms for P efficiency and genetic strategies to improve P efficiency in so...

Eucalyptus nitens is the second most widely planted eucalypt species in Australia. The species is principally grown for the production of pulpwood but substantial areas are also managed for solid-wood production. The first large-scale E. nitens progeny trials were established in the 1970s and up to two cycles of breeding have since been completed. Estimates of genetic gains achieved through bre...

In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology, molecular markers have been widely used in genetic breeding of various crops including cowpea. However, molecular researches in cowpea are lack of systematic summary. This review presents an overview of accomplishments on different aspects of molecular markers in cowpea genetic breeding, such as genetic diversity analysis, geneti...

For vertebrates, annual cycles are organized into a series of breeding and non-breeding periods that vary in duration and location but are inextricably linked biologically. Here, we show that our understanding of the fundamental ecology of four vertebrate classes has been limited by a severe breeding season research bias and that studies of individual and population-level responses to natural a...

Cooperative breeding – in which some adults forgo independent breeding and remain as subordinates within a group helping to raise the offspring of others – occurs in between 3% and 10%of vertebrates. The structure of such systems varies greatly, from pairswith helpers-at-the-nest to communal breeders, andmay include younghelpers or post-reproductive ‘grandparents’. That some individuals spend p...