In cooperatively breeding species, reproductive decisions and breeding roles may be influenced by environmental (food resources) or social factors (reproductive suppression of subordinates by dominants). Studies of glucocorticoid stress hormones in cooperatively breeding species suggest that breeding roles and hormone levels are related to the relative costs of dominance and subordination, whic...

Attachment to a place is a positive emotional relation between a person and a place that leads to the significance of a place for the people staying there. Several studies have been presented about the sense of attachment to one or more locations around the world that each of them has evaluated the subject from a specific view and has achieved different results. This research tries to assess th...

Conventional plant breeding mostly relies upon the generation of new genetic combinations by sexual hybridization and the subsequent application of selection methods on phenotypically evaluated individuals and populations. This approach has been extremely efficient in providing a continuous supply of improved cultivars that have resulted in a dramatic increase of yield in most major crops. Thes...

Figure 1.—The three inhabitants of the hive: A, The ^vorker, a female with arrested development of the egg-laying organs; B, the queen, a female with completely developed egg-laying organs but with undeveloped secondary sexual characters such as those possessed by the worker for secreting larval food, for gathering nectar and pollen, for secreting wax, and the like; C, the drone, the male bee. ...

This chapter deals with breeding aspects of one of the most important crops for food security in the world. Initially it shows how diverse rice is with 22 species, different levels of ploidy and six diversity groups. The choice of parents for crossing, when having such wide genetic diversity available, requires careful characterization and evaluation of the germplasm as well as good knowledge a...

We study the relations between Multi-valued Decision Diagrams (MDD) and tuples (i.e. elements of the Cartesian Product of variables). First, we improve the existing methods for transforming a set of tuples, Global Cut Seeds, sequences of tuples into MDDs. Then, we present some in-place algorithms for adding and deleting tuples from an MDD. Next, we consider an MDD constraint which is modified d...

Complete pedigree information is a prerequisite for modern breeding and the ranking of parents and offspring for selection and deployment decisions. DNA fingerprinting and pedigree reconstruction can substitute for artificial matings, by allowing parentage delineation of naturally produced offspring. Here, we report on the efficacy of a breeding concept called "Breeding without Breeding" (BwB) ...

The study aimed to determine when, during summer activity, males and females of the edible dormouse most often used loud calls. On this basis, an attempt was made main purpose emission these It assumed that 1) if have calls in July, their emissions may be related primarily mating behaviour (which takes place period), they August, are likely concerned defence food resources, 2) females, vocaliza...

Th e energetically challenging periods of molting and breeding are usually temporally separated in temperate birds, but can occur simultaneously in tropical birds, a condition known as molt – breeding overlap. Here, we document great variation in the timing and duration of molting and breeding, and in the extent of molt – breeding overlap, among 87 species of understory passerines in central Am...

Analysis of crop genetic diversity and structure provides valuable information needed to broaden the narrow genetic base as well as to enhance the breeding and conservation strategies of crops. In this study, 95 Austrian and Belgian wheat cultivars maintained at the Centre for Genetic Resources (CGN) in the Netherlands were characterised using 1052 diversity array technology (DArT) markers to e...