Perhaps the major obstacle to recognizing the relatedness of Biochemical Systems Theory (BST) and a subsequently developed approach some have called Metabolic Control Theory (MCT) is the summation and connectivity relationships. These are the most visible and central features of the MCT approach to the understanding of intact hiochcmical systems. whereas in the BST approach they appear to he in...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpu enhances the release of viral particles from infected cells by targeting BST-2/tetherin, a cellular protein inhibiting virus release. The widely used HIV-1(NL4-3) Vpu functionally inactivates human BST-2 but not murine or monkey BST-2, leading to the notion that Vpu antagonism is species specific. Here we investigated the properties of the CXCR4-t...

Physiological effects of thyroid hormones are mediated primarily by binding of triiodothyronine to specific nuclear receptors. Organ-specific changes in production of triiodothyronine from its prohormone, thyroxine, have been hypothesized to target the action of thyroid hormones on the mammary gland and play a role in mediating or augmenting a galactopoietic response to bovine somatotropin (bST...

To estimate the potential for a nonmechanical association between fat and bone mineral density (BMD), the authors evaluated a sample of 868 13-year-old girls attending schools in Porto, Portugal (2003–2004). Adiposity was estimated using fat mass from bioelectrical impedance analysis and fat area from a skinfold equation. Forearm BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Association...

9 Abstract 10 Background Despite the widespread availability of bio11 logical drugs in psoriasis, there is a shortage of disease 12 burden studies. 13 Objectives To assess the cost-of-illness and quality of 14 life of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis in 15 Hungary. 16 Methods Consecutive patients with Psoriasis Area and 17 Severity Index (PASI) [ 10 and Dermatology Life Quality 18 Ind...

Evidence is presented that bovine somatotrophin (bST) treatment of lactating dairy cows enhances both expression of oviductal insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) mRNA and endometrial insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) mRNA between day 3 and day 7 of the oestrous cycle. mRNA encoding growth hormone (GH) receptor in endometrial tissues increased between day 3 and day 7 of t...

The United States Black population is disproportionately affected by colorectal cancer (CRC) in terms of incidence and mortality. Studies suggest that screening rates are lower among Blacks compared with non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). However, studies on CRC screening within Black subgroups are lacking. This study examined disparities in blood stool test (BST) compliance and colonoscopy use by rac...

Citation: Luyck K and Luyten L (2015) Can electrical stimulation of the human bed nucleus of the stria terminalis reduce contextual anxiety? An unanswered question. In their paper, Baas et al. (2014), take the rather unique opportunity to conduct a human fear conditioning experiment in subjects with stimulation electrodes in the nucleus accumbens and internal capsule. Here, we argue that it mig...

A one-paragraph abs t rac tconsisting of no more than 250 words mustbe included. The abstract should briefly statethe purpose of the study, methods, mainfindings, and conclusions. Abbreviationsmust be kept to a minimum and non-standardabbreviations explained in brackets at firstmention. References should be avoided inthe abstract.

BACKGROUND To determine whether angioembolization (AE) in hemodynamically stable adult patients with blunt splenic trauma (BST) at high risk for failure of nonoperative management (NOM) (contrast blush [CB] on computed tomography, high-grade IV-V injuries, or decreasing hemoglobin) results in lower failure rates than reported. METHODS The records of patients with BST from July 2000 to Decembe...