BACKGROUND The secreted proteins from goblet cells compose the intestinal mucus. The aims of this study were to determine how they exist in two intestinal mucus layers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The intestinal mucosa was fixed with Carnoy solution and immunostained. Mucus from the loose layer, the firm layer was gently suctioned or scraped, respectively, lysed in SDS sample buffer with o...

Nontrivial steady flows have recently been found that capture the main structures of the turbulent buffer layer. We study the effects of polymer addition on these "exact coherent states" (ECS) in plane Couette flow. Despite the simplicity of the ECS flows, these effects closely mirror those observed experimentally: Structures shift to larger length scales, wall-normal fluctuations are suppresse...

Studies light emitting devices based on MEHPPV and then performed electrical characterization over these. It has been found that light emitting efficiency of basic PLED viz. ITO/ MEHPPV/AI can be improved if added a buffer layer of Lif in between polymer and Al. This increased efficiency can be attributed to the lowering of potential barrier at AI cathode due to the presence of LiF buffer layer...

A phase change memory (PCM) cell with atomic layer deposition titanium dioxide bottom heating layer is investigated. The crystalline titanium dioxide heating layer promotes the temperature rise in the AlSb3Te layer which causes the reduction in the reset voltage compared to a conventional phase change memory cell. The improvement in thermal efficiency of the PCM cell mainly originates from the ...

In this paper we discuss and review results of recent studies of epitaxial growth of graphene on silicon carbide. The presentation is focused on high quality, large and uniform layer graphene growth on the SiC(0001) surface and results of using different growth techniques and parameters are compared. This is an important subject because access to high quality graphene sheets on a suitable subst...

Infrared reflection spectroscopy is applied to state-of-the-art thin film heterostructures of group-III nitrides on sapphire and Si substrates. The individual layers of GaN and AlGaN and the AlN buffer layer are identified by their phonon frequencies. Under non-perpendicular incidence of the light, A1~LO! phonon modes are observed in the wurtzite system. The presence of the very thin AlN buffer...

Room-temperature optically-pumped In0.2Ga0.8Sb quantum well lasers on Si are reported. The defect-free monolithic epistructure growth on a Si(100) substrate is initiated by an AlSb quantum dot nucleation layer followed by an AlSb=GaSb superlattice. The 13% mismatch between the AlSb and Si lattice is accommodated by misfit dislocations and associated crystallographic undulations in the AlSb buff...

Si,Ge, strained layer superlattice (SLS) structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Ge$ii --x buffer layers on (100) Si substrates to determine the effects of buffer layer composition, SLS thickness ratio, and superlattice periodicity, on the overall quality of these structures. X-ray diffraction methods were used to determine how closely actual periodicities and compositions met target...

In this paper, we propose an architecture for the MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching)-based micro-mobility management including label switched path setup, packet forwarding, handoff processing, and paging. In order to prevent packet loss during handoff, we propose two packet recovery mechanisms, namely: buffer time-based packet recovery and medium access control (MAC) layer assisted packet re...

AbsrraclSeveral series of sputtered Co/Ni multilayer thin films have been investigated. The volume and interface contributions to the magnetic anisotropy were determined from magnetization measurements, and the interface anisotropy, 6 = 0.23 f 0.03 erg/cm2, was found to support perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The anisotropy constant, K, increased with the Au buffer layer thickness, indicatin...