At an extremely high Mach number, the regenerative cooling of traditional kerosene cannot meet requirement heat sink caused by aerodynamic heating and internal combustion in a scramjet propulsion system. As supplement cooling, supercritical CO2 is regarded as effective coolant severe environments due to its excellent properties mass transportation. In this paper, transfer flow structure charact...

As the abyssal oceans warm, stratification is also expected to change in response. This may impact mixing and vertical transport by altering buoyancy flux, internal wave generation, turbulent dissipation. In this study, repeated surveys of three hydrographic sections Southwest Pacific Basin between 1990s 2010s are used estimate frequency . We find that below °C isotherm, on average reduced a sc...

This paper considers ‘diffusion-driven flows’, for which a temperature flux condition on a sloping non-slip surface in a stratified fluid generates a slow steady upward flow along a thin ‘buoyancy layer’. The principles for this steady-flow phenomenon are well-understood in a semi-infinite fluid and more recently have been applied to steady flows within a contained fluid under more general cond...

SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES Issues specific to oceanic deep convection are the relatively strong role of rotation, such that convective Rossby numbers appropriate to the vertical motions may fall below unity; the highly intermittent nature of the forcing, with the strong impulses coming during the passage of atmospheric weather systems; the possible highly localized occurrence of deep convection; and...

We report here results from a dynamo model developed on the lines of the BabcockLeighton idea that the poloidal field is generated at the surface of the Sun from the decay of active regions. In this model magnetic buoyancy is handled with a realistic recipe – wherein toroidal flux is made to erupt from the overshoot layer wherever it exceeds a specified critical field Bc (105 G). The erupted to...

The intracluster medium (ICM) is stably stratified in the hydrodynamic sense with the entropy s increasing outwards. However, thermal conduction along magnetic field lines fundamentally changes the stability of the ICM, leading to the “heat-flux buoyancy instability” when dT/dr > 0 and the “magnetothermal instability” when dT/dr < 0. The ICM is thus buoyantly unstable regardless of the signs of...

Scaling relationships are proposed for the turbulent katabatic flow of a stably stratified fluid down a homogeneously cooled planar slope—the turbulent analogue of a Prandtl-type slope flow. The Theorem predicts that such flows are controlled by three nondimensional parameters: the slope angle, the Prandtl number, and a Reynolds number defined in terms of the surface thermal forcing (surface bu...

The equations of motion are solved numerically for a Boussinesq fluid with infinite Prandtl number in a square 2-D box where the viscosity increases with depth. Three heating modes are employed: bottom heating, internal heating, and half bottom and half internal heating. In all cases the boundaries are free slip. The range of Rayleigh numbers employed is 10-107. The viscosity increases as 10{3(...

We simulate the rise through the upper convection zone and emergence through the solar surface of initially uniform, untwisted, horizontal magnetic flux, with the same entropy as the nonmagnetic plasma, that is advected into a domain 48 Mm wide by 20 Mm deep. The magnetic field is advected upward by the diverging upflows and pulled down in the downdrafts, which produces a hierarchy of loop-like...