Neutrophils, immune cells crucial for protecting against invading pathogens, are important in sepsis. Neutrophil migration is regulated by chemokine receptors and their cognate ligands. Our previous study investigated the effect of n‑butanol extract from Folium isatidis on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced septic shock. The present study stimulated neutrophils with LPS to explore the influence o...

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(10)H(13)NO(4), features inter-molecular O-H⋯O(nitro) hydrogen bonding, which links mol-ecules into supra-molecular chains running parallel to the bc diagonal. There is also π-π stacking between 4-nitro-phenyl groups, the inter-planar distance between the nitro-benzene rings being 3.472 (2) Å.

BACKGROUND Recent progress in production of various biofuel precursors and molecules, such as fatty acids, alcohols and alka(e)nes, is a significant step forward for replacing the fossil fuels with renewable fuels. A two-step process, where fatty acids from sugars are produced in the first step and then converted to corresponding biofuel molecules in the second step, seems more viable and attra...

Characteristic molecular dynamics of reactant molecules confined in the space of the nanometer scale augments the frequency of collisions with the electrified surface so that a given faradaic reaction can be enhanced at nanoporous electrodes, the so-called nano-confinement effect. Since this effect is grounded on diffusion inside nanopores, it is predicted that adsorption onto the surface will ...

The antioxidant capacity of the crude extract and fractions of Tabernaemontana catharinensis fruits and branches, was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and condensed tannins were determined by the spectrophotometric method. The ethyl acetate fraction of the fruits and the n-butanol fraction of the branches showed I...

BACKGROUND Rhodopseudomonas palustris is a versatile microbe that encounters an innate redox imbalance while growing photoheterotrophically with reduced substrates. The resulting excess in reducing equivalents, together with ATP from photosynthesis, could be utilized to drive a wide range of bioconversions. The objective of this study was to genetically modify R. palustris to provide a pathway ...

Worldwide demand for energy has been the impetus for research to produce alcohol biofuels from renewable resources. This review focuses on the biosynthesis of butanol, which is regarded to be superior to ethanol as a fuel. Although acetone/butanol fermentation is one of the oldest large-scale fermentation processes, butanol yield by anaerobic fermentation remains sub-optimal. Metabolic engineer...

This study discusses the suitability of iso-butanol/diesel fuel blends as an alternative fuel and determines their effects on the performance and combustion characteristics of a heavy-duty diesel engine. For this purpose, various isobutanol/diesel fuel blends containing 5%, 10% and 15% iso-butanol were prepared in volume basis and tested in a turbo-charged, six-cylinder direct injection diesel ...

1-Butanol, an important chemical feedstock and advanced biofuel, is produced by Clostridium species. Various efforts have been made to transfer the clostridial 1-butanol pathway into other microorganisms. However, in contrast to similar compounds, only limited titers of 1-butanol were attained. In this work, we constructed a modified clostridial 1-butanol pathway in Escherichia coli to provide ...

Lignocellulosic biomass such as switchgrass can be converted to n-butanol using fermentation, which further processed into jet fuel. Traditional acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation only converts sugars derived from ABE. Novel co-fermentation processes convert and gas (CO2/H2) produced during butanol, thus increasing ABE yields by 15.5% compared traditional fermentation. Herein, the envir...