The title of this session assumes a trade-off between growth and equity, and a need to choose a point on that trade-off. Indeed, a recurring issue in development circles is whether countries should focus their development strategies on growth or on poverty reduction strategies. The trade-off could come from a possible influence of growth on the distribution of wealth; or from a possible influen...

In a recently submitted paper we obtained an upper bound for the minimum number of components of a 2-factor in a claw-free graph. This bound is sharp in the sense that there exist infinitely many claw-free graphs for which the bound is tight. In this paper we extend these results by presenting a polynomial algorithm that constructs a 2-factor of a claw-free graph with minimum degree at least fo...

Th e primary debate among scholars who study the evolution of religion concerns whether religion is an adaptation or a byproduct. Th e dominant position in the fi eld is that religious beliefs and behaviors are a byproduct of cognitive processes and behaviors that evolved for other purposes. A smaller group of scholars maintain that religion is an adaptation for extending human cooperation and ...

Glycosylation reactions in the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum utilize nucleotide sugars as donors and produce inorganic phosphate (Pi) and acid (H+) as byproducts. Here we show that homologs of mammalian XPR1 and TMEM165 (termed Erd1 and Gdt1) recycle luminal Pi and exchange luminal H+ for cytoplasmic Ca2+, respectively, thereby promoting growth of yeast cells in low Pi and low Ca2...

We show that finding the simplices containing a fixed given point among those defined on a set of n points can be done in O(n + k) time for the two-dimensional case, and in O(n2 + k) time for the three-dimensional case, where k is the number of these simplices. As a byproduct, we give an alternative (to the algorithm in 4) O(n log r) algorithm that finds the red-blue boundary for n bichromatic ...

Cubic shells and spherical nanoparticles of -SiC were produced at 1273 K by processing the ceramic precursors formed from the reactions between vapors of organochlorosilanes, Me2SiCl2, MeSiCl3, MeSiHCl2, and PhSiCl3, and liquid Na at 523-723 K. From Me2SiCl2, a flexible linear polycarbosilane precursor was synthesized and covered the NaCl byproduct surface to form a cubic shape. Hollow cubic -S...

The biocatalytic reduction of D-xylose to xylitol requires separation of the substrate from L-arabinose, another major component of hemicellulosic hydrolysate. This step is necessitated by the innate promiscuity of xylose reductases, which can efficiently reduce L-arabinose to L-arabinitol, an unwanted byproduct. Unfortunately,due to the epimeric nature of D-xylose and L-arabinose, separation c...

Radioactive cesium (Cs) is a significant concern due to its role as major byproduct of nuclear fission and potential for radioactive contamination. Internal contamination with Cs is...