The age-old prejudice of misogyny is still retained in insidious form even legislations. There are numerous international conventions, as well Constitutional provisions which claim to set man and woman on an equal plane. In India, one legislative sphere prima facie appears perpetuate the gender divide personal laws. except for State Goa, matters determined basis religion. Different religions fo...

The quality of a state’s judicial system is an important determinant of economic growth and vitality. The decisions made within state judicial systems affect the degree to which private property rights are well-defined and enforced, which is an essential building block for entrepreneurial activity and economic growth. The key link between free-market institutions, such as secure property rights...

The creation of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is widely regarded as an improvement in the system of patent litigation in the United States. However, there is still support for the creation of a specialized patent court at the trial level. Much of the support for the creation of such a court derives from the argument that most judges have too little experience to be familiar with ...

The standard of review analysis for judicial review of administrative action developed by the Supreme Court of Canada before Dunsmuir v New Brunswick had two important features. First, it provided a bulwark against interventionist judges, thereby protecting the autonomy of administrative decision makers and promoting deference. Second, it was substantive, rather than formal, and moved the focus...

This paper explores three competing accounts of judicial review by comparing the enacting and invalidating coalitions for each of the fifty-three federal statutes struck down by the Supreme Court during its 1981 through 2005 terms. When a Republican judicial coalition invalidates a Democratic statute, the Court’s decision is consistent with a partisan account, and when a conservative judicial c...

Ken Kurzweil rightfully called the Judicial Workshop a success. Much was discussed and prospects for an effective judicial system appear good. But let's highlight, for a moment, those who made the Workshop a success. It was motivated by students, people such as Ken Kurzweil, Ken Blaisdell, Alan Ceppos, Barry Kirschner, Michele Mazepa, Mario Arthur and Sharon Stiller (with apologies to any unmen...

This chapter surveys the economic literature on judicial appeals and collegiality of courts. More general issues concerning judicial administration and court organization are surveyed in a companion chapter. JEL classification: K4

In May 2021, the Norwegian parliament voted unanimously to again require use of two evaluators assess all student work given a grade on A-F scale in higher education. This revision law regulating education marks return rule that had been rescinded with Quality Reform 2001, and has potential lead cascade negative consequences for quality practices STEM We first provide an overview problem, then ...