The incidence of pulp canal obliteration following dental trauma has been reported to be approximately 4 - 24% and its management can be quite challenging for the practitioner. Locating the canal and negotiating it to full working length may lead to iatrogenic errors such as fractured instrument and perforation. This case report deals with such a case using the modified tip instrument technique...

The successful outcome of root canal therapy is related to the ability to negotiate the canal to its apical terminus, allowing thorough debridement, disinfection, and obturation of the prepared canal space. In situations in which calcific deposits have blocked access to the canal, treatment efforts are often thwarted. This article describes endodontic management of tooth with calcific metamorph...

Procedure Following nonsurgical root canal treatment, a post space is created in the root canal by careful removal of the coronal canal obturating material. A sufficient amount of material must be retained in the apical portion of the canal to maintain an adequate apical seal. A custom or proprietary post is fitted and cemented into the root canal for core retention. The post should be passivel...

Ringed surfaces and canal surfaces are surfaces that contain a one-parameter family of circles. Ringed surfaces can be described by a radius function, a directrix curve and vector field along the directrix curve, which specifies the normals of the planes that contain the circles. In particular, the class of ringed surfaces includes canal surfaces, which can be obtained as the envelopes of a one...

Otolaryngologists typically perform diagnoses and offer medical treatment for vestibular dysfunction. This vestibular dysfunction manifests as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière's disease, vestibular neuronitis, and so on. The etiology of BPPV is still not clear, so in this article we discuss inner-ear function, etiology, and factors related to BPPV. We examined by pure-tone a...

Unusual canal morphologies hamper the success rate of endodont ic t reatment. C shaped canal configurations are the most commonly faced anatomic variations. Inability to identify and debride the C shaped canal may lead to endodontic failure. Presence of a C shaped canal presents a great challenge to the dentist. The presence of transverse anastomoses, lateral canals and apical deltas make it di...

Aim: The aim of this study was to survey the root canal morphology of mandibular incisor teeth in a Palestinian population using radiographic approach. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and twenty two extracted mandibular incisor teeth were randomly collected from Palestinian population. The teeth were radiographed from a mesiodistal direction and examined for the presence of a second canal a...

Biologists have raised objections to a new canal in Nicaragua, but in this Essay I argue that dire predictions of environmental catastrophe are exaggerated. I present an alternative view based on my research experience in Panama, where Canal operations foster forest conservation. Currently in Nicaragua, the rate of forest loss is so rapid that the canal cannot make it worse. Rather, I contend, ...

the success of endodontic therapy requires knowledge of the internal and external dental anatomy and its variations in presentation. this case report involves endodontic treatment of a traumatized maxillary central incisor with two separate roots.

The centerline of the spinal canal holds interesting information which can be used for tasks such as segmenting the spinal canal or to track the progression of spinal deformities. We propose a method that extracts the centerline of the canal by a shortest path search in 4D, whereby dimensions correspond to 3D canal location and canal width. Our method requires only minimal user interaction in t...