Three important issues impinge on estimating the risk of cancer to a population: (1) How can one use epidemiologic studies on one population to tell us what is likely to happen to other populations? (2) How can one use nonhuman data (i.e., laboratory experiments) to tell us what is likely to happen to humans? (3) What reasonable assumptions can be used to guide the logical extension of informat...

Morales et al. (1) reanalyzed data from a study in an arseniasis-endemic area of Taiwan (2–5). Cancer risks for low-level waterborne arsenic exposures were estimated using a variety of statistical models with and without a comparison population. Morales et al. (1) concluded that although the shape of the exposure–response curve is uncertain at low levels of arsenic exposure, over a lifetime, on...

Accessible online at: www.karger.com/ort Fax +49 761 4 52 07 14 [email protected] www.karger.com Benefits and Risks of Lung Cancer Screening ing. The technique of low-dose CT (LDCT) is based on the fact that even with examination protocols that use less radiation, soft tissue-dense pulmonary nodules of a few millimeters can be detected. Compared to conventional CT from the 1990s, radiation...

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This review examines epidemiological evidence relating to cancers in the primary aluminum industry where most of what is known relates to Söderberg operations or to mixed Söderberg/prebake operations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Increased lung and bladder cancer risks have been reported in Söderberg workers from several countries, but not in all. After adjustment for smoking...

Guideline-based cancer screening does not reduce all-cause mortality in part because persons presenting for face much higher risks of dying other cancers. With new technologies that can simultaneously screen multiple deadly cancers, reductions both cancer-specific and may be within long-term reach.

background: we examined epidemiological aspects of dynamic changes in incidence of ovarian cancer in women of kazakh and russian nationalities in kazakhstan. methods: the material of investigation was primary data on registered patients with malignant ovarian tumors in the whole country. the study was conducted during the period of 1999-2009. evaluation of changes in ovarian cancer incidence in...

background dietary factors such as intake of minerals may play a role in the etiology of esophageal cancer. although it has been hypothesized that manganese can affect the risk of some types ofcancer, its role in esophageal cancer is unknown. the objective of this study was to investigate the association between intakes of manganese with esophageal cancer in golestan cohort study. materials and...

testicular cancer is one of the commonest cancers in men of working age, and is increasing in incidence in europe and north america. one suggested mechanism of causation is that there is impaired differentiation of germ cells in the pre- or perinatal period, followed by malignant transformation in later life, possibly by a hormonal mechanism. endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) have been a ma...

To identify cancers that occur at higher rates in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, the cancer experience of New York State (NYS) AIDS patients aged 15-69 years who were diagnosed between 1981 and 1994 was compared with that of the NYS general population. Sex and HIV risk group-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), post-AIDS relative risks, and trends of relative risk...

Epidemiologic studies linking high serum iron with cancer risks are limited and inconclusive, despite evidence implicating body iron in human carcinogenesis. A cohort of 309,443 adults in Taiwan who had no history of cancer had serum iron levels tested at the time of recruitment (1997-2008). Initially measured iron levels were associated with subsequent cancer risk by linking individuals with t...