There is evidence that biological synapses have a limited number of discrete weight states. Memory storage with such synapses behaves quite differently from synapses with unbounded, continuous weights, as old memories are automatically overwritten by new memories. Consequently, there has been substantial discussion about how this affects learning and storage capacity. In this paper, we calculat...

Grapes for wine production are a highly climate sensitive crop and vineyard water budget is a decisive factor in quality formation. In order to conduct risk assessments for climate change effects in viticulture models are needed which can be applied to complete growing regions. We first modified an existing simplified geometric vineyard model of radiation interception and resulting water use to...

Hydrous melting driven by changes in H2O storage capacity may occur in a variety of settings in the mantle, including in oceanic basalt sources and in deeper regions above and below the transition zone. The 50–200 ppm H2O in the upper mantle likely derives from a blend of sources that may include residues of hydrous partial melting, either in the deep mantle and/or beneath arcs or oceanic islan...

This paper proposes a design procedure that exploits storage devices with diierent cost/bandwidth and cost/capacity ratios to build a hierarchical storage system for video-on-demand with minimum cost. The storage system is assumed to have two levels of hierarchy. The level-1 storage devices feature a low cost/bandwidth ratio and a high cost/capacity ratio. On the other hand, the level-2 storage...

A central question concerning the response of terrestrial ecosystems to a changing atmosphere is whether increased uptake of carbon in response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration results in greater plant biomass and carbon storage or, alternatively, faster cycling of C through the ecosystem. Net primary productivity (NPP) of a closed-canopy Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum)...

Nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHMs) have been recently developed that comprise an oligomeric or polymeric canopy tethered to surface-modified nanoparticles via ionic or covalent bonds. It has already been shown that the tunable nature of the grafted polymeric canopy allows for enhanced CO2 capture capacity and selectivity via the enthalpic intermolecular interactions between CO2 and t...

Nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHMs) have been recently developed that comprise an oligomeric or polymeric canopy tethered to surface-modified nanoparticles via ionic or covalent bonds. It has already been shown that the tunable nature of the grafted polymeric canopy allows for enhanced CO(2) capture capacity and selectivity via the enthalpic intermolecular interactions between CO(2) a...

Vertical gradients in the canopy represent a major challenge for scaling from foliar photosynthesis to ecosystem-level CO2 fluxes. We tested whether accounting independent of carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) and photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax) improves estimates forest net ecosystem exchange (NEE). modified process-based Soil-Plant-Atmosphere (SPA) model different N allocation Vcmax Jmax...

Knowledge of plant hydraulic traits is critical for simulating terrestrial water storage, ecosystem use, and tree responses to drought. The isotopic composition xylem (δXYLEM) has proven be useful understanding rooting strategies tracing flowpaths. Despite the broad collection δXYLEM observations, few studies have estimated other from these data. We demonstrate sensitivity process-based isotope...