Amino acid substitutions in influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) that cause resistance to inhibitors (NAI) generally result attenuation. However, viruses may acquire secondary the NA and hemagglutinin (HA) proteins can restore viral fitness. To assess which extent this happens, emergence of NAI – potentially compensatory was quantified immunocompetent individuals included Influenza Resistance Inf...

OBJECTIVE To describe the potential benefits and harms of oseltamivir by reviewing all clinical study reports (or similar document when no clinical study report exists) of randomised placebo controlled trials and regulatory comments ("regulatory information"). DESIGN Systematic review of regulatory information. DATA SOURCES Clinical study reports, trial registries, electronic databases, reg...

BACKGROUND The effects of some natural products on dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in brain of infected models are still unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of Mexican arnica/rosemary (MAR) water extract and oseltamivir on both biogenic amines and some oxidative biomarkers in the brain and stomach of young rats under infection conditio...

Influenza A (H5N1) virus with an amino acid substitution in neuraminidase conferring high-level resistance to oseltamivir was isolated from two of eight Vietnamese patients during oseltamivir treatment. Both patients died of influenza A (H5N1) virus infection, despite early initiation of treatment in one patient. Surviving patients had rapid declines in the viral load to undetectable levels dur...

Nineteen patients with oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza A (H1N1) infections were randomized to receive oseltamivir or placebo. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained, and clinical and virologic outcomes were compared, stratified by early or late treatment. Neuraminidase inhibition assay and pyrosequencing for H275Y confirmed resistance. Twelve (63%) patients received oseltamivir; 8 (67%) re...

BACKGROUND Antiviral susceptibility surveillance in the Netherlands was intensified after the first reports about the emergence of influenza A(H1N1) oseltamivir resistant viruses in Norway in January, 2008. METHODS Within the existing influenza surveillance an additional questionnaire study was performed to retrospectively assess possible risk factors and establish clinical outcome of all pat...

OBJECTIVES To monitor antiviral drug resistance among seasonal influenza viruses isolated in Korea during the 2008-2009 influenza season, we examined influenza isolates collected through Korea Influenza Surveillance Scheme for antiviral drug susceptibility. METHODS For genetic analysis of antiviral drug resistance, the matrix (M2) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of each isolate were amplified by...

BACKGROUND Clinical studies comparing the different neuraminidase inhibitors for treatment of at-risk patients with influenza have not been performed. To optimize such treatments, we assessed the efficacy and safety of intravenous peramivir compared with oral oseltamivir in treating seasonal influenza A or B virus infection. METHODS A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial was con...