Pre-eclamptic toxaemia (pre-eclampsia or PET) is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the U.K. It results from failure of the maternal vasculature to effectively invade the trophoblast in the placenta and this subsequently causes placental under-perfusion. It has been proposed that circulating factors released from the placenta result in widespread endothelial dysfunction, l...

We studied the effects of steady state increases in left atrial pressure on the albuminexcluded volume in the lungs of mongrel dogs. We estimated the tissue blood volume using Cr-labeled red cells, the extracellular space using Tc-DTPA (diethylene triamine pentacetic acid), and the albumin space using I-labeled human serum albumin. An afferent lymphatic to the left tracheobronchial node was can...

We evaluated how the increase in lung interstitial pressure correlates with the pulmonary vascular response to chronic hypoxia. In control and hypoxic (30 days; 10% O₂) Wistar male rats, we measured: pulmonary interstitial pressure (P(ip)), cardiac and haemodynamic parameters by echocardiography, and performed lung morphometry on tissue specimens fixed in situ. In control animals, mean ± sd P(i...

The decrease in pre-capillary resistance in the human calf during gradual cumulative increases in venous congestion pressure has been proposed to represent vasodilator signalling between the venous and arterial microcirculations. The present study investigated whether prostaglandins are involved in this local flow regulation by measuring calf blood flow and microvascular filtration capacity usi...

Patients who develop hypotension after acute myocardial infarction are frequently transferred to medical centers for hemodynamic monitoring. To see if this practice is justified, we reviewed our experience with hemodynamic monitoring over a two-year period. Of 40 patients who underwent hemodynamic monitoring for hypotension, 28 were transferred from other institutions. Eleven (39 percent) of th...

The capillary hydrostatic pressure of blood was measured indirectly. We used a microneedle to occlude exposed mesenteric capillaries in rats and frogs without trauma and then determined the motion of the trapped red blood cells that resulted from the absorption or filtration of water through the capillary wall. The trajectory of red cells was determined from enlarged timed photomicrographs that...

A better knowledge of the flow and pressure distribution in realistic microvascular networks is needed for improving our understanding of neurovascular coupling mechanisms and the related measurement techniques. Here, numerical simulations with discrete tracking of red blood cells (RBCs) are performed in three realistic microvascular networks from the mouse cerebral cortex. Our analysis is base...

The present work describes a reactor that allows in situ measurements of spatially resolved kinetic data in heterogeneous catalysis. The reactor design allows measurements up to temperatures of 1300 degrees C and 45 bar pressure, i.e., conditions of industrial relevance. The reactor involves reactants flowing through a solid catalyst bed containing a sampling capillary with a side sampling orif...

Various capillary pressure approaches such as the Purcell, Burdine, Corey, and Brooks-Corey methods were used to calculate steam-water relative permeabilities using the measured data of steamwater capillary pressure in both drainage and imbibition processes. The calculated results were compared to the experimental data of steam-water relative permeability measured in Berea sandstone. The steam-...

X-ray microtomography was used to image the shape and size of residual ganglia of supercritical CO2 at resolutions of 3.5 and 2 lm and at representative subsurface conditions of temperature and pressure. The capillary pressure for each ganglion was found by measuring the curvature of the CO2-brine interface, while the pore structure was parameterized using distance maps of the pore space. The f...