BACKGROUND Characteristics of social environments are potential risk factors for adolescent injury. Impacts of social capital on the occurrence of such injuries have rarely been explored. METHODS General health questionnaires were completed by 8910 youth aged 14 years and older as part of the 2010 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study. These were supplemented with community-...

It has become increasingly common for a rich associational life to be identified as a key predictor of social capital, defined by Robert Putnam (1993:167) as ‘features of social organisation, such as trust, norms, and networks, that can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated actions'. The concept has been employed across a range of concerns. For example, Fukuyama (1995) h...

Regulation of insurers has focused primarily on insurer solidity.1 The concern for solidity centers on safe capitalization requirements for insurers, premium rate adequacy, and investment controls. Although current regulatory concerns frequently address issues of pricing equity and new approaches to risk classification, solidity remains the principal consideration. Capital adequacy, a key solid...

The positive association between social capital and general health outcomes has been extensively researched over the past decade; however, studies investigating social capital and psychological health show less consistent results. Despite this, policy-makers worldwide still employ elements of social capital to promote and improve psychological health. This United Kingdom study investigates the ...

When …rms access unbounded liability exposures and are granted limited liability, then an all equity …rm holds a call option, whereby it receives a free option to put losses back to the taxpayers. We call this option the taxpayer put, where the strike is the negative of the level of reserve capital at stake in the …rm. We contribute by (i) valuing this taxpayer put, and (ii) determining the lev...

The quantity of effective labor in the work force depends not only on the number of workers employed but on how hard they work. Many explanations of the superior performance of the Japanese economy stress this fact. Japanese workers seem more dedicated and motivated than their American counterparts. We examine this phenomenon by comparing the effects of worker attitude on productivity and produ...

This paper introduces capital flow to the single item stochastic lot sizing problem. A retailer can leverage business overdraft to deal with unexpected capital shortage, but needs to pay interest if its available balance goes below zero. A stochastic dynamic programming model maximizing expected final capital increment is formulated to solve the problem to optimality. We then investigate the pe...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which the capital control measures implemented by the Malaysian central bank in late 1998 had an influence on segmenting the Malaysian equity market from other major equity markets. Design/methodology/approach – The S&P 500, the Nikkei 225 Index, the STI Index and the KLSE Composite Index are considered. The discrete wavelet transf...

The determination of a company’s capital structure constitutes a difficult decision, one that involves several and antagonistic factors, such as risk and profitability. That decision becomes even more difficult, in times when the economic environment in which the company operates presents a high degree of instability. Therefore, the choice among the ideal proportion of debt and equity can affec...

Krugman, Young, Kim & Lau and Collins & Bosworth have argued that the extraordinary record of economic growth in East Asia can be explained adequately by factor accumulation deriving from Abread-and-butter economic forces@ such as high savings rates, good education, and the movement of under-employed peasants into the modern sector. Yet this explanation that it was all based on Aworking harder,...