A container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles. We focus our attention on the transshipment between vessels and land vehicles, in which case the terminal is described as a maritime container terminal. In these container terminals, many combinatorial related problems appear and the solution of one of the problems may affect to the ...

Cargo is selectively exported from the ER in COPII vesicles. To analyze the role of COPII in selective transport from the ER, we have purified components of the mammalian COPII complex from rat liver cytosol and then analyzed their role in cargo selection and ER export. The purified mammalian Sec23-24 complex is composed of an 85-kD (Sec23) protein and a 120-kD (Sec24) protein. Although the Sec...

Most global supply chains are implemented through the use of some different types transport. This especially applies to general cargo: iron ore, oil, grain. As participants in transport process increase, risks delays, interoperational downtime, and delays deliveries increase. Therefore, improvement multimodal cargo transportation remains an urgent scientific applied problem. The aim studying wa...

All newly made proteins destined to be secreted from our cells or to function at the cell surface—and many of those that function in membranes within the cell— start their lives in a convoluted heap of membranes within cells called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). From there, they begin a journey that will take them through the stacked membrane compartments of the Golgi apparatus to their eventu...

Neurons secrete many diffusible signals from synaptic and other secretory vesicles. We characterized secretion of guidance cues, neuropeptides, neurotrophins, and proteases from single secretory vesicles using pHluorin-tagged cargo in cortical neurons. Stimulation triggered transient and persistent fusion events. Transient events represented full release followed by cargo diffusion or incomplet...

Motor-driven intracellular transport is a complex phenomenon where multiple motor proteins simultaneously attached on to a cargo engage in pulling activity, often leading to tug-of-war, displaying bidirectional motion. However, most mathematical and computational models ignore the details of the motor-cargo interaction. A few studies have focused on more realistic models of cargo transport by i...

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are physical systems whose operations coordinated, monitored, and controlled by computing communication functions. These typically heterogeneous, including Internet of Things information technology subsystems, can present a myriad implementation details, making them very complex systems. An important type CPS is maritime container terminal (cargo port), which facili...

The phosphodiesterase 6 delta subunit (PDE6δ) shuttles several farnesylated cargos between membranes. The cargo sorting mechanism between cilia and other compartments is not understood. Here we show using the inositol polyphosphate 5'-phosphatase E (INPP5E) and the GTP-binding protein (Rheb) that cargo sorting depends on the affinity towards PDE6δ and the specificity of cargo release. High-affi...

The prevailing view of intra-Golgi transport is cisternal progression, which has a key prediction--that newly arrived cargo exhibits a lag or transit time before exiting the Golgi. Instead, we find that cargo molecules exit at an exponential rate proportional to their total Golgi abundance with no lag. Incoming cargo molecules rapidly mix with those already in the system and exit from partition...