Cardiac complications are the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic renal failure. Secondary carnitine deficiency, which is frequently observed in hemodialysis patients, has been associated with cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure and may impair myocardial fatty acid oxidation. In chronic kidney disease, impaired carnitine homeostasis also may affect myocardial metabolism. In th...

The direct effects of clofibrate analogues on carnitine acyltransferase activities and fatty acid metabolism were studied in cultured hepatocytes. Rat hepatocytes cultured with bezafibrate or ciprofibrate (0.1-10 micrograms/ml) for 48 h had increased activities of carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT; 4-6-fold) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT; 12-34%). The increase in CAT was higher in hepa...

The rate of mitoehondrial carnitine-carnitine exchange mediated by carnitine acylcarnitine translocase was measured by föllowing the uptake of L-[methyl-C]carnitine. It was demonstrated that the hypoglycaemic compound 2-(3^methyKcinnamyl-hydrazono)-propionate causes a concentration-dependent decrease in the rate of the translocase-mediated transport of carnitine in guinea pig liver mitochondria...

BACKGROUND Haemodialysis patients have impaired exercise tolerance that may be related to impaired carnitine availability and/or alterations in carnitine metabolism. As carnitine metabolism is sex- and age-related, we examined plasma free and esterified carnitine concentrations, muscle strength, and estimated exercise tolerance in female (n=51) and male (n=63) patients of different ages (18-86 ...

Impaired L-carnitine uptake correlates with higher blood pressure in adult men, and L-carnitine restores endothelial function in aortic rings from spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Thus, endothelial dysfunction in hypertension could result from lower L-carnitine transport in this cell type. L-Carnitine transport is mainly mediated by novel organic cation transporters 1 (Octn1, Na(+)-indepen...

introduction: high environmental temperature during summer months which leading to heat stress, is of great concern in all types of poultry production. feed consumption, growth rate, hatchability, mortality, and other important traits governing the prosperity of the industry are adversely affected by severe heat stress. literature suggests that the advantages of dietary l-carnitine and ascorbic...

INTRODUCTION L-carnitine is an important metabolic mediator involved in fatty acid transport. It is obtained from the diet, particularly from animal products, such as red meat. Previous reports have revealed that long-term tube feeding with a commercial product containing no or low levels of carnitine can lead to an altered mental state caused by hyperammonemia. CASE PRESENTATION A 72-year-ol...

l-Carnitine was recently found to downregulate the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) and increase insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations in animal models. However, the effect of l-carnitine administration on disuse muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension has not yet been studied. Thus, we hypothesized that l-carnitine may have a protective effect on muscle atrophy induced by hindlim...

Excessive intraperitoneal absorption of glucose during peritoneal dialysis has both local cytotoxic and systemic metabolic effects. Here we evaluate peritoneal dialysis solutions containing L-carnitine, an osmotically active compound that induces fluid flow across the peritoneum. In rats, L-carnitine in the peritoneal cavity had a dose-dependent osmotic effect similar to glucose. Analogous ultr...

BACKGROUND Carnitine deficiency may contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with hemodialysis (HD). Dyslipidemia plays a role in CVD and its prevalence is also high in HD patients. We examined here the effects of switching from oral administration (PO) to intravenous (IV) injection of l-carnitine on lipid metabolism in patients with HD. METHODS Nine HD patients who had received...