Article 23.1 of the Code (Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 159. 2018) rules that a specific epithet may have one three forms: “an adjective, noun genitive, or word apposition”. Of these three, “a apposition” is likely to be least clear modern reader, partly because declining familiarity with Latin among botanists, but also they often do not stand out as being this category. Upon taking closer look,...

HYPOTHESIS Excision of the extrahepatic portion of congenital choledochal cysts (CCs) avoids the risk of cancer. The standard classification scheme is out of date. DESIGN Retrospective case series and literature review. SETTING Tertiary care university hospital. PATIENTS Thirty-eight adult patients diagnosed as having CC from 1990 to 2004. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical and radiographic...

A quarter of a century before the advent of biochemical tools for taxonomic approaches, Schwarz and Schwarz (1943) published a pioneering survey of the systematics of the house mouse. All taxa were then considered as subspecies of the house mouse (Mus musculus). In other words, there was only one species within the subgenus Mus. It was a relatively large-scale study, but the taxonomic criteria ...

House mice (genus Mus) harbor extensive allelic variation at two tandemly duplicated genes that encode the β-chain subunits of adult hemoglobin (Hb). Alternative haplotypes differ in the level of sequence divergence between the two β-globin gene duplicates: the Hbb(d) and Hbb(p) haplotypes harbor two structurally distinct β-globin genes, whereas the Hbb(s) haplotype harbors two β-globin duplica...