this study was performed from february to april 2006; several visits were made to abattoirs in the north of iran for hypoderma spp infestation. necropsy inspection of slaughtered and skinned animals were carried out by examination of the inner skin surface and subcutaneous tissues. warbles were isolated by squeezing nodules from subcutaneous tissues. in the case of abscess presence, aseptic sam...

six strain of trichoderma (t. viride, t. harzianum, t. reesei, t. longibrachiatum, t. koningii, t. virens) were isolated and used for extracellular enzyme production. species of trichoderma are collected from the surrounding soil of suger beet root fields in east iran, and held in vitro cultured pda. tcm and tfm are used for the growth of spores and induceing the production of cellulase. finall...

vibrio species are the major seafood-borne bacteria that are frequently associated with the consumption of contaminated sea food. a total of 113 samples including 58 fish and 55 shrimps were studied for the possible contamination with vibrio species. a biochemical protocol was applied for the identification of the vibrio isolates and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out to confirm th...

The phlebotomine sand fly fauna of the State of Minas Gerais is presented based on an extensive review of the literature. The fauna, which is a rich one, is currently known to consist of at least 93 species included in 16 genera. The genus Evandromyia (16 spp.) is the most representative one, followed by Micropygomyia (13 spp.), Psathyromyia (12 spp.), Brumptomyia (11 spp.), Pintomyia (9 spp.),...

Parasites are a well-known threat to nonhuman primate (NHP) populations, and potentially cause zoonotic diseases in humans. In this study, the basic data was provided of the parasites in NHPs and the molecular characterization of the Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Entamoeba spp. were reviewed, which were found in these samples. A total of 3349 fecal sampl...

In order to develop a new skin whitening agent, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds were evaluated for melanogenesis inhibitory activity and its active principles were identified following activity-guided isolation. The 80% aqueous methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction from safflower seeds showed a significant inhibition for mushroom tyrosinase. Three active compounds, N-feruloylser...

Five kinds of traditional flower Chinese medicine powders (TFCMD) were identified using tuneable liquid spectral imaging instrument, to discuss the application range and advantages of spectral imaging technology in Chinese medicine identification and analysis field. The testing system is the liquid crystal multispectral imaging system designed by ourselves. All the tests are standard samples su...

In the present study we investigated the comparative genotoxic potential of laser rays and gamma rays on somatic and gametic cells of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Mutagenic parameters like mitotic and meiotic consequences were accessed from the plants that showed a linear relationship between dose absorbed and chromosomal anomalies. A wide spectrum of chromosomal aberrations was encount...

Glutamate application is an established method of inducing PC12 cell injury. PC12 cells were cultured with serum containing Tongqiaohuoxue decoction consisting of moschus, Carthamus tinctorius, Rhizoma chuanxiong, Semen pruni persicae, and Radix Paeoniae Rubra. After 24 hours of co-cultivation, glutamate (12.5 mM) was added to the culture medium. We found that serum containing Tongqiaohuoxue de...