the promotion of oil and gas industry of a country or region requires foreign and longterm investments. ensuring demand security constitutes one of the major driving forces for promoting investments in oil and gas sectors. our main question is to understand the upcoming energy demand security in the caspian markets. just like supply security, energy demand security cannot be affected mainly by ...

BACKGROUND Knowledge about Alburnoides remains lacking relative to many other species, resulting in a lack of a systematic position and taxonomic diagnosis. Basic biological information for Alburnoides has been constructed, and it is necessary to understand further and obtain more information about this species. Its phylogenetic relationships are still debated and no molecular data have been us...

The Global climate reorganisation in the late Pliocene linked to enhancement of Atlantic Ocean Thermohaline Circulation (AOTC), instigated a transition glacial-interglacial cyclicity Quaternary. Enhancement AOTC amplified atmospheric precipitation over Eurasian interior strengthening Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Increased rainfall on vast Russian Plain drained into endorheic Caspian Sea, whi...

caspian sea is the largest enclosed body of water on the earth. since the collapse of soviet union in 1991 and discovering large oil and gas fields, some issues such as political, economic and environmental events, made the caspian sea important. the ecology of the sea are being endangered due to several issues such as petroleum extraction, river and sea pollutions, water level rise, biological...

A partial sequence of the mtDNA ND5 gene region was used for population study in Persian sturgeon (west and east areas of southern Caspian Sea). The result showed that although this approach was informative for phylogenetic study in sturgeon, it was less informative for population study in Persian sturgeon. 

Twenty-seven species of Odonata were collected in the present survey in the freshwaters of South-Eastern Iran, Kerman province, in contrast to 11 species that were recorded previously from this region. In this study, 528 specimens were collected from more than 30 sites in Kerman province during 2006-2008. It seems that in this region due to its special biogeographic conditions, species diversit...

The spatial and temporal structure of spider communities was studied in the clay semi-desert of the north-western Caspian Lowland, western Kazakhstan (49°23' N, 46°47' E). The soils and vegetation are complex, being composed of a mosaic of desert and steppe plant communities. Besides the native associations, there are plantations of different tree species. The ground-dwelling spider assemblages...