background: recognition of helminth-derived pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) by pattern recognition receptors (prrs), including toll like recep­tors (tlrs) is the first step towards initiating anti–helminth immune re­sponses. methods : using somatic antigens of ostertagia occidentalis, an important abomasal parasite of ruminants, the expression of ovine tlr2 and tlr4 in peripheral...

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Human activities have continuously increased the level of heavy metal ions circulating in the environment. It is important to understand the tolerance of plant species to high concentrations of heavy metals. Very little is known on the response of Eucalyptus species to Zn and Cu toxic concentrations Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. microtheca, and E. occidentalis seeds were grown in silt and irriga...

Effect of solvent residues of Vitex negundo L. and Cassia fistula L. leaves (0.5 and 1%) was studied on egg laying and adult emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. and on percentage of larval parasitism by Dinarmus vagabundus (Timberlake). Cowpea seeds treated with methanol and aqueous extract of Vitex, at these concentrations (0.5 and 1%), significantly reduced the number of eggs and emerg...

background: cassia italica or senna is a wild plant distributed in south of iran. it increased water consumption and has a laxative effect. in traditional medicine this plant has been used for the dysmenorrheal. objective: in this study we investigated the effect of aqueous extract of cassia italica on uterus contraction. materials and methods: virgin wistar rats 200-300g were purchased. after ...

Since the mid-1990s, Bombus occidentalis (Green) has declined from being one of the most common to one of the rarest bumble bee species in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Although its conservation status is unresolved, a petition to list this species as endangered or threatened was recently submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. To shed light on the conservation situation ...

The one-seeded, serrate leaf margined junipers of Southwestern United States and northern Mexico consist of J. angosturana, J. californica, J. coahuilensis var. arizonica, J. c. var. coahuilensis, J. monosperma, J. pinchotii, J. occidentalis var. australis, J. o. var. occidentalis and J. osteosperma. Recent nrDNA and trnC-trnD sequence data were compared with RAPDs analysis and two of the taxa ...

Galactomannans (GMs) extracted from seeds of a native Brazilian specie designated Cassia fastuosa (cassia) and from Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (guar gum – a commercial GM) were mixed with agar, in the proportion of 3/3 g.L (w/w), and used as a gelling agent in Marubakaido apple rootstock (Malus prunifolia Borkh) micropropagation. The rheological measurements of the gels showed a good interaction ...

Cassia tora Linn. (Caesalpinaceae) is a semi-wild annual herb grown widely in different places of south-east Asia including India, Northern Australia and Americas. This plant species is well known for having potential in traditional medicine practices for the treatment of a variety of disorders and ailments ranging from simple cough, hypertension to diabetes. Recent scientific investigation rev...