This paper aims to analyze the construction of criminal law that is relevant human rights (HAM) and establish progressive legal reinforcement in responding current issues so problems this can be focused on elements recidivism, chemical castration, law. The research method uses normative methods with a literature study approach then analyzed qualitatively. results conclude dialectic orients towa...

Androgen deprivation therapy is the cornerstone treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. It can be done either surgically or medically. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists and antagonist are the most effective drugs, with different side effects and modes of action, but no clear efficacy differences. Adding a non-steroidal antiandrogen adds a marginal benefit but also significant sid...

Although dehorning and castration are recognized as requisite practices in modern livestock systems, producers would like to avoid animal welfare issues that arise from current management methods. Increased criticism and scrutiny of both producers and the food industry emanates from a growing number of concerned citizens and NGOs with animal rights/animal welfare agendas. The optimal and simple...

Routine husbandry procedures, such as castration and tail docking, are known to induce pain and distress in lambs (Grant, 2004; Kent et al., 2001). This raises important welfare concerns and has attracted debate on the acceptability of such practices. The most common method of castration and tail docking involves the application of a rubber ring to the scrotum or tail, usually without anesthesi...

Castrated hamsters which were transferred from long (14L:10D) to short (9L:15D) days and received testosterone-filled capsules for 1 week after transfer failed to show a significant suppression in the plasma levels of FSH and LH after capsule removal. In contrast, gonadotrophin concentrations were suppressed in hamsters in which the long-day castration response had been blocked with exogenous t...

Genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models are a pillar of functional cancer research. Here, we developed RapidCaP, a GEM modeling system that uses surgical injection for viral gene delivery to the prostate. We show that in Pten deficiency, loss of p53 suffices to trigger metastasis to distant sites at greater than 50% penetrance by four months, consistent with results from human prostate cancer...

Right ventricular (RV) function is the major determinant of mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension and male sex is a strong predictor of mortality in this disease. The effects of testosterone on RV structure and function in load stress are presently unknown. We tested whether testosterone levels affect RV hypertrophic responses, fibrosis, and function. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent castrati...

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the primary treatment for advanced prostate cancer. The efficacy of ADT has not been rigorously evaluated by demonstrating suppression of prostatic androgen activity at the target tissue and molecular level. We determined the efficacy and consistency of medical castration in suppressing prostatic androgen levels and androgen-regulated gene expression. ...

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the sex-differen tiated metabolism of 4-androstene-3,17-dione and of several other steroid hormones in adult rat liver is "feminized" following neonatal castration of male rats, due to an influence via the hypothalamo-pituitary-liver axis. The metabolism of many xenobiotics is also sex differentiated, and an important question is whether endocr...

As prostate cancer progresses to castration-resistant disease, there is an increase in signal transduction activity. Most castration-resistant prostate tumors continue to express the androgen receptor (AR) as well as androgen-responsive genes, despite the near absence of circulating androgen in these patients. The AR is regulated not only by its cognate steroid hormone, but also by interactions...