conditions other than diabetes mellitus (range 2–16). Table 1 categorically summarizes the 20 most-common comorbidities in this sample of individuals with diabetes mellitus. Thirteen of these 20 diagnoses were discordant with diabetic care, and 15 were symptomatic conditions. Furthermore, three of these conditions (renal insufficiency, dementia, depression) were classified as clinically dominan...

In adults, the desire for a healthy limb amputation has been reported in both the lay press and the scientific literature. While the etiology of this condition is currently unknown, prevailing theories have tended to conceptualize the phenomenon as paraphilic in origin. In this report, we present the case of a 25-year-old, nonhomosexual male-to-female transsexual who manifested an intense desir...

Recent attempts to validate the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL-R; R. D. Hare, 1991) as a measure of psychopathy in female offenders have been limited by a failure to examine laboratory correlates of the syndrome. We assessed 112 incarcerated women by using the PCL-R and examined their performance on a card perseveration task that has been used to demonstrate response perseveration in psycho...

Algebraic data types and catamorphisms (folds) play a central role in functional programming as they allow programmers to define recursive data structures and operations on them uniformly by structural recursion. Likewise, in object-oriented (OO) programming, recursive hierarchies of object types with virtual methods play a central role for the same reason. There is a semantical correspondence ...

Few studies have investigated the perception of tone contrasts and it is currently unclear whether tones are perceived categorically or continuously by listeners of tone language. In the present study, native speakers of French and Vietnamese received an identification test with several acoustic continua contrasting three among the six tones of the vietnamese language. Results showed clear diff...

We compared pitch patterns of Japanese intonational phrases spoken by a native speaker of Chinese. Several types of pitch errors were distinguished according to pitch contour shapes within and across intonational phrases. These shapes differ categorically from one another—for instance, the learner uses flat contours while the native uses hump-like contours. Comparisons of the learner and native...

Insects are highly maneuverable fliers. Naturally, engineers have focused much of their efforts on understanding the role of insect wing design and actuation for maneuvering and control of bio-inspired micro air vehicles. However, many insects exhibit strong visually mediated abdominal reflexes. The hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, has a particularly large abdomen, and recent evidence suggests that the...

If you have taken a standard abstract algebra course, then you have probably heard of free groups. But, most such courses do not introduce the reader to the language of category theory, which unifies the notion of a free object. In the present lecture, we will define a free group categorically, and then go on to define a free module over a commutative ring, and hence, a free abelian group (whic...

Algebraic data types and catamorphisms (folds) play a central role in functional programming as they allow programmers to define recursive data structures and operations on them uniformly by structural recursion. Likewise, in object-oriented (OO) programming, recursive hierarchies of object types with virtual methods play a central role for the same reason. There is a semantical correspondence ...

Given a uniquely 2-divisible group $G$, we study commutative loop $(G,\circ)$ which arises as result of construction in ``Engelsche elemente noetherscher gruppen'' (1957) by R. Baer. We investigate some general properties and applications ``$\circ$'' determine necessary sufficient condition on $G$ order for $(G, \circ)$ to be Moufang. In ``A class loops categorically isomorphic Bruck odd order'...