The utilization of bioelectrochemical systems for methane production has attracted increasing attention, but producing methane in these systems requires additional voltage to overcome large cathode overpotentials. To eliminate the need for electrical grid energy, we constructed a microbial reverse-electrodialysis methanogenesis cell (MRMC) by placing a reverse electrodialysis (RED) stack betwee...

Miniature ion thrusters are well suited for future space missions that require high efficiency, precision thrust, and low contamination in the mN to sub-mN range. JPL’s miniature xenon Ion (MiXI) thruster has demonstrated an efficient discharge and ion extraction grid assembly using filament cathodes and the internal conduction (IC) cathode. JPL is currently preparing to incorporate a miniature...

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) hold great promise for applications ranging from portable power for electronics to transportation. However, apart from the high costs, current Pt-based cathodes in DMFCs suffer significantly from performance loss due to severe methanol crossover from anode to cathode. The migrated methanol in cathodes tends to contaminate Pt active sites through yielding a mix...

1. Pelagia noctiluca responds to galvanic stimulation by a luminescent glow at the anode. If placed near the cathode a secondary glow occurs also on the cathodal side. 2. The luminescent slime of Pelagia when subjected to the galvanic current glows around the cathode. This is referred partly to the movement of hydrogen bubbles, but in the main to the alkali formed at the cathode. 3. The cause o...

Maximum power densities by air-driven microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are considerably influenced by cathode performance. We show here that application of successive polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layers (DLs), on a carbon/PTFE base layer, to the air-side of the cathode in a single chamber MFC significantly improved coulombic efficiencies (CEs), maximum power densities, and reduced water loss (thro...

the extraction of sputtered metal from high power impulse hollow Abstract. High power impulse hollow cathode sputtering is studied as a means to produce high fluxes of neutral and ionized sputtered metal species. A model is constructed for the understanding and optimization of such discharges. It relates input parameters such as the geometry of the cathode, the electric pulse form and frequency...

One of the main challenges for using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is developing materials and architectures that are economical and generate high power densities. The performance of two cathodes constructed from two low-cost anion (AEM) and cation (CEM) exchange membranes was compared to that achieved using an ultrafiltration (UF) cathode, when the membranes were made electrically conductive usi...

Developing cheap electrocatalysts for cathodic oxygen reduction in neutral medium is a key factor for practical applications of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Natural hematite was investigated as a low-cost cathode to improve the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). With hematite-coated cathode, the cell current density stabilized at 330.66 ± 3.1 mA·m−2 (with a 1000 Ω load) over 10 days un...

Full simulation of the CDC cathode data is made with the image charge method and ion statistical model. The model well reproduces the actual cathode charge distribution and shows reasonable agreement of the spatial resolution with the measurement. The simulation code is implemented in GSIM and lls raw data table, hence this can be used in studying tracking trigger and developing reconstruction ...

A simple and effective method for the management of the passive layer in solid state batteries is reported. The success is achieved using a composite cathode with embedded channels of polyaniline allowing smooth charge transfer across the passive layer. The composite cathode manifested better performance in terms of the cell characteristics and shelf life.