Field investigations are important tools for confirmation of the effectiveness of the organic manures on crop yield. As different N sources, this work presents a comparative study of the effects of urea, cow dung and poultry manure on plant height, stem length and diameter, leaf length, breadth and number accompanied with the fresh weight of plant, stem, leaf coupling stem leaf ratio and gross ...

Reversing anthropogenic impacts on habitat structure is frequently successful through restoration, but the mechanisms linking habitat change, community reassembly and recovery of ecosystem functioning remain unknown. We test for the influence of edge effects and matrix habitat restoration on the reassembly of dung beetle communities and consequent recovery of dung removal rates across tropical ...

Hippos transfer massive quantities of trophic resources from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems through defecation. The ramifications of the latter for the functioning of benthic ecosystems are unknown, but are dependent ultimately on rates of utilisation relative to inputs. Low input and high utilisation can strengthen bottom-up pathways and enhance consumer biomass and abundance. However, if i...

Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compete intensively for dung resources, and most species forage in the understory. Here, we describe the unique behavior of one dung beetle species, Canthon aff. quadriguttatus (Olivier), associated with two species of monkeys from Peru. We observed this beetle species on the genital and anal regions of the brown titi monkey, Callicebus brun...

0.0 Introduction Anong, a Tibeto-Burman language of Yunnan, is in its last generation—in 1999, there were 62 fluent speakers left, all over 50. The descriptive material on Anong is quite limited; what there is all comes from the work of Sun Hongkai, particularly 1988, 1999a, and a preliminary, but still useful wordlist (Sun ms.); a little additional data can be found in Sun Hongkai 1999b and Su...