Survival of the green fluorescent protein-transformed human pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was studied in a laboratory-simulated lettuce production chain. Dairy cows were fed three different roughage types: high-digestible grass silage plus maize silage (6:4), low-digestible grass silage, and straw. Each was adjusted with supplemental concentrates...

Residual effects of manure or compost application can maintain crop yield level for several years after Residual effects of manure or compost application on crop production and soil properties can last for several years. This study was manure or compost application ceases since only a fracconducted to evaluate residual effects of annual or biennial application of the N and other nutrients in ma...

Soil compactibility which basically depends on soil texture, organic matter and soil water content during farm machinery traf®cking are major factors affecting soil conservation. In a ®eld experiment, cattle farmyard manure was applied to a silty clay loam soil (®ne-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Haplargids, USDA; Calcaric Cambisols, FAO) in Isfahan, Iran. Three rates, 0, 50, 100 Mg haÿ1 (on oven ...

Corn ethanol production removes starch and concentrates the remaining nutrients, including CP and minerals. When wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) are fed to cattle in place of corn, CP and minerals often exceed dietary needs. This may increase N emission, P run-off, and odor production. These variables are evaluated in this study. Crossbred steers (n = 160; 434 +/- 8 kg) were assigned...

Prior to 1996 and the Congolese wars, exploitative land policies pushed farmers in the eastern highlands of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) into a vulnerable position, with cattle manure sustaining intensive cultivation. This exposed households to a complete breakdown in mixed farming as cattle became targets of war. This study of villages in South Kivu offers an inside understanding...

BACKGROUND Livestock play an important role in carbon cycling through consumption of biomass and emissions of methane. Recent research suggests that existing bottom-up inventories of livestock methane emissions in the US, such as those made using 2006 IPCC Tier 1 livestock emissions factors, are too low. This may be due to outdated information used to develop these emissions factors. In this st...

Our objective was to determine the role that European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) play in the epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy cattle. We visited 150 dairy farms in Ohio twice during summer and fall months from 2007 to 2009. Fresh faecal pats from 30 lactating cows were collected during each visit. Information on farm management and environmental variables was gathered through...

Countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) rely on IPCC emission factors (EF) for GHG reporting. However, these were derived industrialized livestock farms and do not represent conditions of smallholder (small, low-producing breeds, poor feed quality, scarcity). Here, we present the first measurements CH4 N2O emissions from cattle-manure heaps representing feeding practices typical highlands East Af...