Gene-based tests of association are frequently applied to common SNPs (MAF>5%) as an alternative to single-marker tests. In this analysis we conduct a variety of simulation studies applied to five popular gene-based tests investigating general trends related to their performance in realistic situations. In particular, we focus on the impact of non-causal SNPs and a variety of LD structures on t...

1 INTRODUCTION One of the key challenges for Europe is to maintain and develop the European Aerospace sector as a world competitive industry. The European Commission has fostered several collaborative research initiatives in aeronautics yielding a number of successful projects. In the Fifth Framework Programme of the EC the financial support dedicated to the Aerospace industry alone is set to e...

Conventional decoding methods in neuroscience aim to predict discrete brain states from multivariate correlates of neural activity. This approach faces two important challenges. First, a small number of examples are typically represented by a much larger number of features, making it hard to select the few informative features that allow for accurate predictions. Second, accuracy estimates and ...

This paper presents a simple generalization of causal consistency suited to any object defined by a sequential specification. As causality is captured by a partial order on the set of operations issued by the processes on shared objects (concurrent operations are not ordered), it follows that causal consistency allows different processes to have different views of each object history.

The primary goal of the epidemiologist is to identify those factors that have a causal impact on development or prevention of a health outcome, thereby providing a target for prevention and intervention. At first glance, causality may appear to be a relatively simple concept to define. However, adequately distinguishing causal agents from non-causal agents is not an easy task from an epidemiolo...