Coal has been an important energy source worldwide; however, it is the largest of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions because amount in coal larger than that other fossil fuels. Precise control NOx required operations coal-fired power plants from viewpoint air pollution control. Although theoretical analyses generation a plant have conducted, difficult to precisely predict actual plant. affected by ...

This article presents an integrated model of contentious nationalist activity, with structure, politics, and action assuming equal roles in an interdependent causal system. The model is tested using simultaneous equation systems on 130 ethno-nationalist groups from 1990 to 1998. The results confirm the vital, indirect role of grievances and group identity on protest and the powerful direct and ...

On the causal approach to explanation, explaining a phenomenon is telling the actual causal story as to why it occurs. Science is full of idealizing explanations that deliberately falsify the relevant causal story. Therefore, either (a) the causal approach to explanation is mistaken, or (b) idealizing explanations, however convenient, are deeply flawed. Correct? I don’t think so. I show that on...

Past research has shown that educational media, such as a television series or interactive games, can promote significant learning. Today, however, it is quite common for producers to create several interconnected media, such as a television show and an associated web site, under the assumption that multiple platforms elicit greater learning than a single medium would. The research reported bel...

Group Support Systems (GSS) technology is still in the early stages of its diffusion process. There are several thousand GSS installations worldwide, and that number is growing, but GSS have not yet achieved a mass market. It may be that studying adoption and diffusion of GSS within a single organization could yield insights that would help speed the process elsewhere. This paper presents an 18...

Probabilistic reasoning has been powered by the formalization of causality theory through Bayesian causal models[1]. Even when its semantic is flexible enough to model complex problems, it has to deal with the problem of interoperability between models. In the research community the necessity of contexts for these models has been pointed out. We need means to represent the context on which the ...