PURPOSE This study characterized the therapeutic efficacy of a systemically administered formulation of 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), microencapsulated in a complex with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), using an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The presence of the β-CD-3-BrPA complex was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy....

Cadmium nitrate Cd(NO(3))(2) (CdN) is commonly used in Ni-Cd battery factories. The possibility of accidental exposure to CdN is great. CdN is very soluble in water compared to other Cd compounds. Therefore, acute toxicity would be expected to be quick due to rapid absorption after exposure. However, the mechanisms of CdN toxicity have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the acute lethal...

the mobility and bioavailability of trace elements in the agricultural soils are extremely important in assessing the risk of toxicity to the growing plants. a five step sequential extraction procedure (sep) has been employed to study the speciation of as, sb, cr, cu, cd, pb, zn, ni, fe and mn in 18 soil samples neighboring an industrial complex in isfahan, central iran. enrichment factor (ef) ...

Heavy metals are of wide concern due to their high toxicity, bioaccumulation and non-degradability. In this study, eight heavy (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) in the surface sediments Ningyuan River were studied investigate distribution pattern, pollution status potential sources, it was concluded that concentration is highly consistent with population pattern space there a certain degree risk...

Successful expression of the cytosine deaminase (CD) suicide gene in vivo is demonstrated in three weakly immunogenic murine tumor models: the 102 and 205 fibrosarcomas and the 38 adenocarcinoma. Normal mammalian cells do not contain cytosine deaminase, but tumor cells transduced with retroviral vectors containing the CD gene metabolize the relatively nontoxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine to the hi...

The present studies were carried out in order to assess the protective effects of selenium against cadmium toxicity in pregnant hamsters. On the 8 day of gestation the females were dosed subcutaneously either with cadmium or with cadmium and selenium in the following doses (mg per kilogram of body weight): 0, 1 Cd, 1 Cd + 1 Se, 2 Cd, 2 Cd + 2 Se. In groups treated with cadmium decreased litter ...

Sedum alfredii is a well-known Cd (cadmium) hyperaccumulator native to China. The impacts of exogenous Ca on Cd-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in roots of S. alfredii were investigated by using cellular and biochemical approaches. Supplementation of the medium with higher Ca levels resulted in alleviated growth inhibition and decreased Cd concentration, as well as increased Ca...

High-level cadmium (Cd) exposure has long been known to induce nephropathy, severe osteoporosis, and fractures in humans. More recent epidemiology, however, reveals that, in populations not known to have important industrial exposure to this heavy metal, high-normal blood or urine Cd levels correlate with increased risk for vascular disorders, cancers, diabetes, and total mortality, as well as ...

Models such as the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) predict how natural organic matter (NOM) and competing ions (e.g., Ca(2+), H(+) and Na(+)) affect metal bioavailability and toxicity in aquatic organisms. However, such models focus upon individual metals, not metal mixtures. This study determined whether Pb and Cd interact at the gill of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) when trout were exposed to...