The changing communist regime in China and the “velvet” revolutions in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have provided an opportunity to investigate trends in income attainment during processes of transformation. Nee (1989) formulated the market transition theory, which indicates the main determinants of changing income attainment during the process of transformation from a state-regulated, cent...

International Co-Invention – characterized by patent applications where at least one of the co-inventor is foreign – has boomed in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) since 1990. A significant number of these patents arise out of various forms of R&D collaboration with multinationals. We explain this phenomenon, building on the concept of “idea gap” elaborated by Romer (1993): western multinationa...

OBJECTIVE we investigated effects of different regimens of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on mammographic density. METHODS ninety-five postmenopausal women, who were on different HRT regimens and completed their 4-year mammographic follow-up, were included into this retrospective and comparative study. Twenty-three of these women, who had surgical menopause, received conjugated equine estr...

BACKGROUND The present study was designed to investigate the enhanced antioxidant capacity of whole grains from wheat plants grown under seawater stress in response to microalgae extract treatment. RESULTS The total carotenoid (TCAR), tocopherol (TOC), phenolic (TPC), and protein (PC) contents in whole grains of wheat plants irrigated with 10% and 20% (v/v) seawater (SW) in response to water ...

AIM To examine changes in life expectancy at birth for countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union (NIS) for the period 1989-1996. Differences in the change by gender were examined and several factors which likely bear on the changes were discussed. Methods. Data from the WHO Health for All European Data Base were used to determine c...

After the breakdown of the state socialism, a number of changes have occurred in the legal framework, as well as governmental policy, ownership, production, financing, and reimbursement of health care in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). However, the policy context in CEE makes priority setting a necessary step to ensure the efficient use of public funds for health. The problems with prioritizi...

Television markets in the CEE region have experienced rapid growth in recent years. The number of multichannel TV households (households that can receive cable or satellite television, as well as terrestrial channels) grew by almost 50 percent and the share of Pay TV increased to over 40 percent between 2008 and 2010. Demand for multichannel TV in the region, however, is far from reaching satur...

This paper deals with the dilemma followed from the double character of knowledge. On the one hand, knowledge is an individual and social good determining quality of life. On the other hand, knowledge is an economical good, a funding concept of the knowledge-based economy. The dilemma is: should knowledge be for free or paid? It is argued in the paper that achievement of knowledge (information)...

The expansion of Internet-based tools has opened new opportunities to improve collaborative work through the development of a new generation of tools designed to support e-work and e-collaboration. The concepts of e-work and e-collaboration have been evolved through the increasing demand of collaborative environments to support distributed networked activities. This trend has triggered the deve...