Childhood poverty and early parenthood are both high on the current political agenda. The key new issue that this research addresses is the relative importance of childhood poverty and of early motherhood as correlates of outcomes later in life. How far are the 'effects' of early motherhood on later outcomes due to childhood precursors, especially experience of childhood poverty? Subsidiary que...

BACKGROUND Smoking prevalence has been shown to be considerably higher among single mothers as compared to their married or cohabiting counterparts. This study examines whether this could be attributed to single mothers' different capability in dealing with stress. METHODS Based on cross-sectional data of 3129 German mothers, the study explores the associations between single motherhood, copi...

The article shows that in Soviet society single motherhood existed a variety of forms. author claims mothers were contradictory figures, as the 1944 Family Law stated non-marital childbearing women officially supported by pro-natal state. Contemporaries usually did not make any difference between war widows with children, unmarried children from cohabitation men, and «real» mothers. According t...

Abstract This chapter examines contemporary autobiographical narratives which explore the notion of motherhood as central issue in women’s lives. These have been important offering alternative discourses and thereby broadening concept motherhood. discusses them light studies theories about matrilineal literature. Works by two highly acclaimed Canadian writers are at center our study: Rachel Cus...

one of the subjects which have long been obsessing the minds and spirits of deep-thinking believers is the relationship between religion in all aspects and scopes we can consider for it and the model of reason and rationality. the scope of religious studies is full of various and ever-emerging questions in this regard. there are diverse approaches to the relation between these two. adopting eac...

social capital has received considerable attention in all branches of social sciences, and has recently been the focus in the field to explain about procreator elements. trust is one of the social capital elements and plays an important role in specifying consequences incidental to social capital. nearly two decades ago, robert putnam proposed an explanation of trust relying on associational li...

Testosterone (T) is lower among fathers and men in committed relationships, suggesting that the hormone mediates the trade-off between mating and parenting effort. The function of T in women and responses of the hormone to relationships or motherhood are less well understood. Here we report relationships between T and pairbonding and motherhood in a random sample of 67 women (20.9 to 22.4 years...

Quality of life, comfort, and wellbeing during pregnancy are essential for every country in the world. Pregnancy is considered a preparation period for becoming a mother. Maternal role development, including confidence and satisfaction as a mother, is important in the transition to motherhood. Negative psychosocial affect, such as increased anxiety and distress, during pregnancy adversely influ...

This article explores whether motherhood may have any restorative effect on prostitution. Section I provides an overview of the crime of prostitution. It analyzes the underlying themes of autonomy, power, authority, and control, and considers whether prostitution is an example of the ultimate loss of these qualities, or an exercise of complete freedom and liberty in autonomy. Section II discuss...

OBJECTIVE Guide policy-makers in prioritizing safe motherhood interventions. METHODS Three models (LOW, MED, HIGH) were constructed based on 34 sub-Saharan African countries to assess the relative cost-effectiveness of available safe motherhood interventions. Cost and effectiveness data were compiled and inserted into the WHO Mother Baby Package Costing Spreadsheet. For each model we assessed...