The molecular cues that regulate neurite morphology within the target environment are key to the formation of complex neural circuitry. During development of the ponto-cerebellar projection, pontine fibers sprout and form elaborate arbors within the inner cerebellar layer prior to arrival of their target cells, the cerebellar granule neurons. Here, we describe the biochemical fractionation of t...

Abstract BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is one of most the devastating pediatric brain tumors, and virtually all patients die within two years after diagnosis. It has been shown that targeted inhibition JMJD3 demethylase activity by GSK-J4 results in restored K27 methylation a significant delay tumor progression prolonged animal survival intracranial DIPG patient-derived xen...

Cerebellar mutism (CM) is a rare neurological condition characterized by lack of speech due to cerebellar lesions. CM is often reported in children. We describe a rare case of CM after spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage. The patient showed mutism, irritability, decreased spontaneous movements and oropharyngeal apraxia. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed significant volume reduction of medial fron...

The use of vertebral angiography in the investigation of subarachnoid haemorrhage has enabled the presence of posterior fossa aneurysms to be detected during life. The clinical and radiological localization of aneurysms in this site is now of importance, for with modem neurosurgical techniques, including hypothermia, a number of these lesions are operable. Certain anatomical features which will...

A clinicoanatomic study of 12 patients with tegmental-type primary pontine hemorrhage proved the presence of a gustatory disturbance among other clinical symptoms on the same side of the tongue as that of the pontine lesion, and suggested the secondary pathway of gustatory sensation from the solitary tract nucleus ascends without decussation in the homolateral pontine tegmentum. These results c...

Pediatric gliosarcoma (GS) is a rare variant of glioblastoma multiforme. The authors describe the case of an unusual pontine location of GS in a 9-year-old boy who was initially diagnosed with low-grade astrocytoma (LGA) that was successfully controlled for 4 years. Subsequently, his brain tumor transformed into a GS. Prior treatment of his LGA included subtotal tumor resection 3 times, standar...

A pontine intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) evokes several neurological symptoms, due to the various nuclei and nerve fibers; however, hearing loss from a pontine ICH is rare. We have experienced a non-traumatic pontine ICH patient, with hearing loss. A 43-year-old male patient had a massive pontine hemorrhage; his brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed the hemorrhage on the bilateral dorsal pon...