Introduction: Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) are easily accessible in the body, and under appropriate conditions, they can be directed toward various phenotypes. Therefore, hADSCs have been considered as a potential cell source for tissue engineering applications. hADSCs are able to differentiate into endothelial cells which covers the interior surface of vessels, in vi...

Relapsing fever (RF) is a spirochetal infection characterized by relapses of a febrile illness and spirochetemia due to the sequential appearance and disappearance of isogenic serotypes in the blood. The only difference between isogenic serotypes is the variable major outer membrane lipoprotein. In the absence of specific antibody, established serotypes cause persistent infection. Studies in ou...

Previous studies have provided evidence that, in the early hours of ischemic stroke, a luminal membrane blood-brain barrier (BBB) Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) participates in ischemia-induced cerebral edema formation. Inhibition of BBB NKCC activity by intravenous bumetanide significantly reduces edema and infarct in the rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke. W...

Disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and subsequent edema are major contributors to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, for which the current clinical therapy remains unsatisfied. Cerebralcare Granule® (CG) is a compound Chinese medicine widely used in China for treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. CG has been demonstrated efficacy in attenuating the cerebral microcirculatory disturbance ...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by continuous, closely connected endothelial cells, enveloped in the basal lamina, pericytes, and foot extensions of astrocytes. BBB has a vital role brain metabolism protects parenchyma from harmful agents present systemic circulation. Damage to an increase its permeability have important many neurodegenerative diseases. This paper aims review literature...

Early changes in systemic vascular stiffness and endothelial function can contribute to altered cerebrovascular hemodynamics impaired cognitive function; additionally, these point potential targets for prevention treatment strategies people with mild impairment. Although the pathogenic mechanisms underlying are heterogeneous complex, one common feature is development of cerebral blood flow (CBF...

Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) separate the peripheral blood from the brain. These cells, which are surrounded by basal lamina, pericytes and glial cells, are highly interconnected through tight and gap junctions. Their permeability properties restrict the transfer of potentially useful therapeutic agents. In such a hermetic system, the gap junctional exchange of small molecules ...

We investigated the features of newly formed blood vessels after surgical brain injury of the rat's cerebral cortex distal to the operated region. We document the process of split mature blood vessels by an endothelial bridge and morphological features of newly formed vessels. We did not observe a disruption of brain parenchyma. The endothelial lining in vessels was complete. The morphological ...