In this paper, we consider the relationship between supermodularity and risk aversion. We show that supermodularity of the certainty equivalent implies that the certainty equivalent of any random variable is less than its mean. We also derive conditions under which supermodularity of the certainty equivalent is equivalent to aversion to mean-preserving spreads in the sense of Rothschild and Sti...

We present a new segmentation algorithm based on probabilistic histograms and introduce certainty calculus and certainty color maps to solve the difficult problem of histogram separation. This new method is then compared to simple histogram and normalized histogram techniques. Using a set of experiments designed to measure the quality of segmentation, we have shown that certainty color maps is ...

In this paper it is shown how false operator responses due to missing or uncertain data can be significantly reduced or eliminated. Perhaps the most well-known of such effects are the various ‘edge effects’ which invariably occur at the edges of the input data set. Further, it is shown how operators having a higher degree of selectivity and higher tolerance against noise can be constructed usin...

One line of theorizing suggests considering death reminders—i.e., mortality salience (MS) inductions—unique in their effect on worldview defenses (e.g., Pyszczynski et al., 2006). Other theorizing suggests that meaning and certainty threats produce effects similar to MS and thus that these threats be considered theoretically equivalent (e.g., Proulx & Heine, 2006; McGregor, 2006). To help recon...

A major challenge in the field of automatic recognition of emotion and affect in speech is the subjective nature of affect labels. The most common approach to acquiring affect labels is to ask a panel of listeners to rate a corpus of spoken utterances along one or more dimensions of interest. For applications ranging from educational technology to voice search to dictation, a speaker’s level of...

Cognitive insight in schizophrenia encompasses the evaluation and reinterpretation of distorted beliefs and appraisals. We investigated the neuropsychological basis of cognitive insight in psychosis. It was predicted that, like clinical insight, cognitive insight would be associated with a wide range of neuropsychological functions, but would be most strongly associated with measures of executi...

BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the efficacy and safety of clonidine as a sedative in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane trial registry. We identified RCTs that compared clonidine to any non-clonidine regimen in critically ill patients, exclu...

In this paper it is shown how false operator responses due to missing or uncertain data can be sig-niicantly reduced or eliminated. Perhaps the most well-known of such eeects are the variousèdge eeects' which invariably occur at the edges of the input data set. Further, it is shown how operators having a higher degree of selectivity and higher tolerance against noise can be constructed using si...