Case history Mr. D.M., aged 51 years, a crofter from the Isle of Barra, was admitted to the Orthopaedic Department of the Western Infirmary, Glasgow, on 26 June 1970. Eight days prior to admission he had developed pain in the back of the neck, radiating to both shoulders and down both arms, following trivial injury to the neck while lifting a dustbin. He was treated with cervical collar and ana...

Since its original description by Keizo Hirayama in 1959, "juvenile muscular atrophy of the unilateral upper extremity" has been described under many nomenclatures from the east. Hirayama disease (HD), also interchangeably referred to as monomelic amyotrophy, has been more frequently recognised in the west only in the last two decades. HD presents in adolescence and young adulthood with insidio...

BACKGROUND Out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation performed by paramedics using the Macintosh blade for direct laryngoscopy is associated with a high incidence of complications. The novel technique of video laryngoscopy has been shown to improve glottic view and intubation success in the operating room. The aim of this study was to compare glottic view, time of intubation and success rate of t...

Spine immobilization in trauma patients suspected of having a spinal injury has been a cornerstone of prehospital treatment for decades. Current practices are based on the belief that a patient with an injured spinal column can deteriorate neurologically without immobilization. Most treatment protocols do not differentiate between blunt and penetrating mechanisms of injury. Current Emergency Me...

OBJECT The objective of this systematic review was to use evidence-based medicine to identify the indications and utility of anterior cervical nerve root decompression. METHODS The National Library of Medicine and Cochrane Database were queried using MeSH headings and key words relevant to surgical management of cervical radiculopathy. Abstracts were reviewed after which studies meeting inclu...

This paper examines how returns to education are related to occupation choices. Specifically, I investigate the returns to attending a two-year college and a four-year college and how these returns to education differ from a blue-collar occupation to a white-collar occupation. To address the endogenous education and occupation choices, I use a finite mixture model. I show how the finite mixture...

Pre-hospital emergency care is a healthcare delivery service to victims of illnesses or accidents with wide variety health profiles. Ambulances may be source pathogenic microorganisms if not sanitized properly. Considering this, the present study aimed evaluate bacterial community in different equipment and surfaces from ambulances used on pre-hospital verify antibiotic resistance profile isola...