BACKGROUND It is unclear how the association between breast feeding and asthma develops with age of the child and how this association over time is influenced by maternal or paternal allergy. These factors--the age of the child and maternal or paternal allergy--might partly explain the conflicting results observed in cross-sectional studies. METHODS The study population consisted of 3115 Dutc...

background infant formula means a breast-milk substitute specially manufactured to satisfy, by itself, the nutritional requirements of infants during the first months of life up to the introduction of appropriate complementary feeding. we aimed to determine the cost and burden of formula feeding on the family in al-amara city, iraq. materials and methods a cross-sectional analytic study was car...

OBJECTIVE Although bottle feeding is the main infant feeding mode in most societies, human milk is considered the most appropriate food for human infants. The aim of this study is to gather statistics regarding breast feeding prevalence, influencing factors for engaging in, and demographic characteristics of breast feeding in general population. METHODS This is a random cross-sectional questi...

OBJECTIVE This study explored the influence of demographic characteristics on attitudes toward the benefits of breast-feeding, approval of public breast-feeding, and the use of infant formula. Additionally, the study examined whether attitudes were related to infant feeding practices among mothers enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in T...

The practice of feeding infants expressed breast milk is increasing in the United States, but the impacts on infant and maternal health are still understudied. This study examines the monthly incidence of regurgitation (gastro-esophageal reflux) in exclusively breast milk fed infants from ages two to six months. Among infants whose mothers participated in the Infant Feeding Practices II Study (...

BACKGROUND Breast feeding has several benefits for both the infants and mothers. However, despite strong evidences in support of breast feeding its prevalence has remained low worldwide. The objective of the present study was to examine the knowledge and attitude towards breast feeding and infant feeding practices among Indian postnatal mothers. METHODOLOGY A cross sectional descriptive study...

BACKGROUND The rate of breast-feeding in Israel has increased over the last two decades but is still lower than rates in other developed countries that have taken an active role in promoting breast-feeding. OBJECTIVE To determine breast-feeding patterns and the association between sociodemographic characteristics and breast-feeding in the Tel Aviv district. METHODS The mothers of infants ag...

The additional risk of an infant acquiring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) from its HIV+ mother during breast-feeding is about 15% after 24 months and depends on the duration of breast-feeding. This statistic has been exploited to inflate the disadvantages of breast-feeding. It may be more pertinent for health workers to quote a risk of about 5% if breast-feeding is practiced for 6 mo...

Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) via breast-feeding can occur throughout lactation. Defining both fluctuation in breast-milk virus level over time and how breast-milk virus correlates with mother-to-child transmission is important for establishing effective interventions. We quantified breast-milk HIV-1 RNA levels in serial samples collected from 275 women for up to 2...

Prompted by declines in average durations and proportions of women breast feeding in several developing countries, international organizations have placed breast feeding promotion high on their health policy agendas. Breast feeding can prolong the length of the birth interval directly through its ability to cause lactational amenorrhea and anovulation. Maintenance of lactational amenorrhea de...